profile - دانشکده ادبیات
عضو ﻫﯿﺎت ﻋﻠﻤﯽ داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ادبیات
پردیس دانشگاه
Maryam Rahmati Torkashvand
Assistant Professor / ادبيات و علوم انساني / Arabic literature
Current courses
| Course Name | unit | term |
|---|---|---|
| Lexicon and Equivalent choice in translation | 2 | first semester Academic year 2025-2026 |
| Syntax 5 | 2 | first semester Academic year 2025-2026 |
| English for the Students of Arabic | 2 | first semester Academic year 2025-2026 |
| Research Project | 2 | first semester Academic year 2025-2026 |
| Internship | 2 | first semester Academic year 2025-2026 |
| Project | 2 | first semester Academic year 2025-2026 |
| 2 | first semester Academic year 2025-2026 | |
| 2 | first semester Academic year 2025-2026 | |
| 2 | first semester Academic year 2025-2026 |
Master Theses
-
Arabic Language and LiteratureMaster's Thesis entitled:An Analysis of Psychological Crises in the Novel (Al-Dama)
SHEMAL OTHMAN ALI 2026This research examines psychological crises as they manifest in the novel "Dama" by the Egyptian writer Mohamed Sadek, through an analysis of the psychological structure of its main characters. The study aims to move beyond a theoretical description of the crisis towards a practical application that focuses on how individual traumas are transformed into vengeful behaviors and fractured identities within the narrative. Psychological crises are phenomena that profoundly affect an individual's equilibrium, ranging from acute to chronic, and causing imbalances in behavior and emotion, as in the case of the novel's protagonist, "Dama/Haya," who suffers from a severe split in personality between her vulnerable self (Haya) and a vengeful one (Dama), resulting from childhood traumas (harassment, domestic violence) and marriage to a narcissistic man. This reflects how the accumulation of daily pressures can lead to psychological disorders such as social anxiety and severe depression, the symptoms of which are clearly evident in the internal dialogue and monologues employed by the author. The significance of this topic lies in revealing the narrative mechanisms employed by Muhammad Sadiq to embody these crises, such as flashbacks that reproduce the past in the present, and enclosed spaces (like the home and office) that transform from sanctuaries into battlegrounds of psychological warfare. Understanding these crises from a literary perspective contributes to enriching the psychoanalytic critique of literary works and opens new horizons for interpreting human suffering beyond rigid models. The research adopted a psychoanalytic approach based on the concepts of Freud and Jung, alongside narrative discourse analysis. The characters of Dama/Haya (as a wife, victim, and mother), Hisham and Muhammad (as models of toxic and narcissistic masculinity), and Rehab (as a victim of forced abortion and abandonment) were examined. The research also explored how difficulties in adapting to a harsh social environment (such as the social stigma attached to divorce and the lack of family support) exacerbate the crisis and transform it into an unbridled desire for revenge. The research concluded that the psychological crises in the novel do not arise in a vacuum, but are rather the product of a patriarchal environment that punishes women for their rebellion and normalizes psychological and physical violence. Spatial analysis revealed how spaces like the street became a mirror reflecting inner fear, the hospital a stage for deception and revenge, and the office a symbol of the characters' struggle between knowledge and destruction. Foreshadowing techniques (such as predicting betrayal and failure) highlighted the characters' persistent obsession with repeating painful past experiences. Thus, the psychological crises in "The Dama" are not merely incidental occurrences, but constitute a structural component governing the narrative and character development, necessitating specialized critical intervention to decipher their meaning.
-
The aesthetics of intertextuality in the novel The Kingdom of This Earth by Hoda Barakat
NAYEL TAHSEEN HAMMOOD 2026 -
The debate between life and death in the novel (The Kingdom of Desha)
ABDULSATTAR KHUDHUR M 2026The Dialectic Between Life and Death in the Novel (The Kingdom of Disha) The dialectic is based on the interaction and contrast between two opposing elements whose conflict produces a deeper meaning of existence and truth. Therefore, the duality of life and death has been one of the most prominent issues in human thought and literature throughout the ages. Life cannot be understood in isolation from mortality, just as death does not appear merely as a final rupture, but rather as a stage in a process of transformation, transition, and reshaping. Hence, this duality has become one of the most important philosophical and narrative structures upon which the modern novel relies in constructing its vision of humanity, the world, and destiny. In light of this perspective, this research examines the dialectic of life and death in the novel *The Kingdom of Desha*, by revealing the representations of these two values ??as the core of the text's philosophical and narrative structure. Death in the novel does not appear as a random event or an absolute end, but rather as a gateway to rebirth and repeated rebirth, while life takes on a cyclical, transformative form linked to prophecies, time cycles, and the renewal of destinies and characters. The reading reveals that the novel establishes an intricate existential conflict whose elements cannot be separated. Death is not the antithesis of life, but rather a condition for its continuation, and life only finds stability through traversing the ordeal of annihilation and renewal. The importance of this theme lies in its unveiling of a new existential and philosophical dimension in contemporary Arabic fantasy narrative. It demonstrates that the modern novel has become capable of employing mythological symbols, imagined spaces, and temporal cycles to produce a profound intellectual discourse that rivals many international narrative experiences. The study also gains significance from the fact that the novel makes the dialectic of life and death a primary driving force in the construction of characters, events, time, and place. This opens up a broad critical field for studying the Arabic novel with its symbolic and existential tendencies, and for understanding the nature of the transformations that modern Arabic narrative is undergoing in its treatment of the great questions related to existence and destiny. This research employs a descriptive-analytical approach, tracing the narrative manifestations of the duality of life and death, analyzing their artistic and symbolic significance, and elucidating their relationship to the overall structure of the text. It draws upon concepts from structuralist, symbolic, and existential criticism whenever the analysis warrants it. The research also seeks to explore how this dialectic transforms into an active narrative force that reshapes characters and guides their trajectories within the fictional world.
-
Symbolism in the novel "A Crime in Ramallah" by the writer Abbad Yahya
QAYS SABHAN SHTI 2026 -
The artistic structure in the novel "The Burning of the Sparrows": An analytical study
ABDULRAHMAN HIKMAT TAHA 2026 -
The dialectic between good and evil in Ahmed Khaled Mustafa's novel "Halcot" (a thematic and artistic study)
FIRAS OLEIWI 2026 -
Time and Narrative Identity in the Novel Noah Al mazbooh: An Anthropological Stylistic Study of the Formation of Meaning
MAHMOOD MOHAMMED MUTAR 2026 -
The translation of the book Lan Emot sadi by mrs. Jahad rajabi
Meysam Sabzi 2026Abstract: Jihad Rajabi, a Jordanian writer who has written the chapters of his novel in an artistic style. He narrates the events in a coherent manner. He keeps the audience engaged in following the story and presents his ideas through the characters of the novel in exciting dialogue scenes. The following are the titles of the chapters of the novel: Words of Farewell, The Beginning of the Road, The Circle, The Monkey and the Grapes, On the Steps of the Airplane, The Defeated Woman, Flying at Low Altitude, Back to the Future, The First Time, The Pain is More Honest, The End of the Road, Between Earth and Sky, and I Will Not Die in Vain. This is the last chapter of the novel. In this novel, the author has tried to express his view on the situation in Palestine by using semantic connections between words and also using numerous metaphors or using news verbs. The author has tried to express his view of defiance and freedom-seeking in the form of a novel in a conversational manner. In this story, the character Wael, who wants to emigrate from his homeland, Palestine, with the idea of ??progress and advancement, is confronted by a mother and family who prioritize the duty of fighting for the homeland over everything else, which expresses the author's aspirations. At the end of the novel, he narrates that; ((Wael fell to the ground and looked around, the faces of the passengers were mixed with screams... He didn't recognize any of them. Tears of despair flowed from his eyes. Did I come here to die in vain? At this moment, his grandfather approached; he took his hand and kissed it. He said lovingly; You are my dearest grandson, Wael... I have been waiting for you for a long time.... Wael was still resisting. He was holding the ticket tightly and trying to get up. The rescuers approached him. He looked at them, stretched out his hand and they tried to put him on the ground. He resisted! He himself became weak, holding the ticket up, his tears had soaked it. The security guard caught him... He didn't resist... He smiled in relief, the ticket slipped from his fingers.... to die standing....
-
Investigation and analysis of the story elements of the novel "Hay al-Amirkan" by Jabhour Al-Douyehi
Maryam Yari 2026رمان حيّ الأميركان اثر جبور الدويهي، از جمله آثار شاخص ادبيات معاصر عربي است كه با بهرهگيري از ساختاري روايي غيركلاسيك، به بازنمايي بحرانهاي اجتماعي، رواني و تاريخي جامعهاي حاشيهنشين ميپردازد. اين پژوهش با رويكردي توصيفي–تحليلي و با تكيه بر متن اصلي عربي رمان، به بررسي عناصر روايي شامل شخصيتپردازي، زمان، مكان و زاويه ديد ميپردازد و ميكوشد نشان دهد كه چگونه اين عناصر در خدمت نقد اجتماعي و نمايش تداوم رنج جمعي قرار گرفتهاند. يافتههاي پژوهش نشان ميدهد كه شخصيتهاي رمان، از جمله انتصار محسن، بلال محسن، اسماعيل، عبدالرحمن المشنوق و عبدالكريم العزّام، نه شخصيتهايي قهرمانمحور، بلكه تيپهايي اجتماعي و فرسايشياند كه هر يك بازتابدهنده شكلي از بحران فردي و نسلي هستند. زمان در رمان ساختاري خطي و رو به پيشرفت ندارد، بلكه بهصورت چرخهاي، ايستا و رواني سامان مييابد و با تكرار كنشهاي روزمره، حس تعليق و توقف تاريخي را تقويت ميكند. مكان نيز نقشي فراتر از بستر وقوع رويدادها دارد و در تقابل ميان حيّ الأميركان بهعنوان فضايي حاشيهاي و دارة العزّام بهمثابه نماد مركز و قدرت اجتماعي، به عنصري معناساز در ساخت روايت تبديل ميشود. نتيجه آنكه جبور الدويهي با پرهيز آگاهانه از پيرنگ كلاسيك، گرهگشايي قطعي و پايانبندي قاطع، ساختار روايت را به ابزاري براي نمايش فرسايش زندگي روزمره و استمرار بحران در جامعه معاصر عربي بدل ميسازد. كلمات كليدي: رمان عربي، جبور الدويهي، حيّ الأميركان، عناصر روايي، شخصيتپردازي، زمان چرخهاي
-
The Image of the Self and the Other in the Story Collection Haret El-Yehud by Muhammad Jibrael
Zahirah Mahmoodi 2026This study examines the representation of the concepts of “self” and “other” in the short story collection Harret al-Yahud by Muhammad Jibril (1938-2022) and attempts to show how the author, through allegorical and realistic fantasy narratives, represents the crisis of individual and collective identity of Egyptian man in the context of contemporary historical and social developments. The theoretical framework of the study is based on the analysis of the fluid and unstable relationship of self/other; a relationship that is not based on simple opposition, but on processes of fear, habit, silence, and transformation. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on a careful reading of the text, and the evidence is extracted directly from the aforementioned narrative. Analysis of stories from this collection such as “Haddad as-Stadhafi fi Ayam al-Anfushi”, “Al-Tufan” and “Al-Mustahil” shows that the “other” in this collection often has an ambiguous, unknown and unnameable face and, rather than being a specific individual or group, represents a dominant and imposed order. In contrast, the “self” gradually progresses from initial shock to habituation and then to the collapse of consciousness or the impossibility of identity. The research findings indicate that Jibril considers silence and habit to be the most important mechanisms for establishing dominance; in such a way that society, without direct violence, accepts another order. The inability of official institutions, the erosion of collective memory and the elimination of conscious action are among the consequences of this situation. Space and place also play an active role in this process, and the contrast between open coastal spaces and closed neighborhood spaces acts as a platform for the formation or decline of identity. Overall, the research shows that Harat al-Yahud is a critical and warning text that considers the collapse of the “self” not simply as a result of the presence of the “other,” but rather as a consequence of fear, silence, and habit, and turns literature into an arena for exposing hidden mechanisms of power and rethinking human historical responsibility.
-
Content and structural analysis of the themes of sustainable literature in Al-Zumrah's novel
FATEMEH KERAMI 2026 -
Translation of a collection of stories a bout the noise of the body ( page 8 to page 86)
Khadijeh Amini 2026كتاب ضجيج الجسد نوشته هيفاء باسيل بيطار معروف به هيفاء بيطار يكي ازاثار معروف ادبيات معاصر عربي است.كه در ان با نگاه ريز بينانه ونقادانه به مسايل اجتماعي به ويژه زنان پرداخته است.ساختار داستاني و روش ترجمه ي ارتباطي است.هيفاء بيطار قلم خوب و دقيقي دارد و شيوا و زيبا مي نويسد.نگاه ريز بين و دقيقي دارد كه خيلي خوب مسائل مردم را رصد مياند. هيفاء بيطار داستان پرداز و رمان نويس و شاعر معروف لباني است. در سال 1970 در لبنان متولد شد كه عمده آثار وي را داستانهاي كوتاهي با رنگ فمنيستي و با مضمون رنج هاي اجتماعي نشان ميدهد. ضجيج الجسد داستاني است كه به بررسي پيچيدگيهاي بدن و روح انسان مي پردازد.اين كتاب به موضوعاتي مانند عشق، هويت، تنهايي و جست جوي معنا در زندگي ميپردازد. شخصيتهاي داستان با چالشهاي دروني و بيروني خود مواجه ميشوند و تلاش ميكنند تا در دنيايي پر از تضاد و تنش، جايي براي خود پيدا كنند. اين اثر حاوي 18 داستان ميباشد كه در اين داستانها نويسنده به تحليل و بررسي مسائل اجتماعي در قالب داستان پرداخته است. شخصيت هاي قصه ها بيشتر افراد آسيب ديده جامعه هستند ونويسنده شخصيت هاي خود را از ميان اقشار پيرامون خود كه به نحويي قرباني جامعه گرديده اند انتخاب كرده است.به نظر ميرسد نگاه نويسنده به جامعه خود تا حد زيادي توام با بدبيني مي باشد. كليدواژگان:ضجيج الجسد رمان معاصر زمان معاصر عربي موضوعات اجتماعي فاصله طبقاتي، فقر، هيفاء بيطار
-
Translation of the book "Soft War, Theoretical and Applied Foundations"
Ahmad Mohammadi 2026قدرت هوشمند تركيبي از قدرت سخت و نرم است كه دولت ها در هر برهة زماني و مكاني، با استفاده از اين دو راهبرد مختلف در جهت ايجاد تحولات بنيادين در عرصة جهاني در راستاي اهداف و منافع خود گام بر ميدارند. يكي از اشكال نوين جنگ در دوران معاصر و عصر ارتباطات، جنگ نرم يا قدرت نرم است. اين پاياننامه ترجمة كتابي تحت عنوان «الحرب الناعمة، الأسس النظرية والتطبيقية» است كه توسط دكتر علي محمد الحاج حسن به نگارش درآمده است. نويسنده در اين كتاب به بررسي جنگ نرم و مفاهيم بنيادين نظري و تطبيقي آن پرداخته است. اين پژوهش با روش توصيفي- تحليلي به ترجمة فارسي اين كتاب از طريق ترجمة ارتباطي ميپردازد. ترجمة كاربردي 3 فصل اصلي اين كتاب كه در هر فصل در بخشهاي گوناگوني به بررسي جنگ نرم و مفاهيم مربوط به آن، نظريات مطرح شده در زمينة جنگ نرم با محوريت تقابل اعتقادي و مبنايي نظام اسلامي و استكبار جهاني، شناخت كانونها و مراكز تصميم ساز جنگ نرم و...پرداخته، از اهداف ترجمة اين كتاب ميباشند. كليد واژگان: جهان اسلام، جنگ نرم، مفهوم شناسي جنگ نرم، دكترعلي محمد الحاج حسن.
-
Social criticism in the play Beshr ALhafi Yakhroj Mena AL Jaheim
AHMED QASIM MAJEED 2026 -
"The Narrative Structure in the Novel Al-Maghariba by Abdelkrim Jouaiti"
NOAMAN ABDUL WAHHAB RAHEEM 2026 -
Sociology of gender in the novel Khabes Ali Taweleh Al-Khal Milad by Mohammad Al-Naas
Saeid Falakdin lorestan 2026نگاه جنسيّتي به دو جنس زن و مرد در جوامع بشري و به تبع در جوامع عربي ريشهاي كهن دارد. در عرصه ادبيات و آثار ادبي نويسندگان زيادي در دنياي عرب از منظر «جامعه شناسي جنسيّت» قلم فرسايي نمودهاند. رمان «خبز علي طاوله الخال ميلاد»؛ «ناني روي ميز دايي ميلاد»، اولين رمان محمد النعاس و برگزيده بوكر عربي در سال ???? است. اين اثر نيز از جمله آثار ادبي جهان عرب ميباشد كه علاوه بر پردازش مضمون روايي- داستاني خود، در زمين? جامعه شناسي جنسيّت مضامين در خور توجهي را در بر دارد. نويسنده در اين رمان توانسته معيارهاي جنسيّتي مورد پذيرش و بالعكس نكوهيد? جامعه خود را به تصوير بكشد. شخصيّتهاي اصلي و فرعي داستان تصويرگران ايدئوژيهاي جنسيّتي حاكم بر جامعه ليبي ميباشند. ارائ? تصويري از قواعد و هنجارهاي جنسيّتي مطرح در جامعه، پردازش مولفههاي سرماي? جنسي، بررسي تاثير تقابل سنت و مدرنيته بر رويكرد جنسيّتي و پردازش پديد? مرد سالاري در جامعه ليبي محورهاي اصلي پژوهش پيش رو تشكيل داده و نگاه جنسيّت زده جامعه نسبت به دو جنس زن و مرد را مورد كنكاش قرار داه است. كليد واژگان جامعه شناسي جنسيّت، محمد النعاس، خبز علي طاوله الخال ميلاد، جامعه ليبي.
-
The Husseini heritage and the ideological tendency in the poetry of the martyred poet Ali Al-Ramahi (an analytical study)
ANWER NEAMAH MERZAH 2026The experience of the martyred poet Ali al-Ramahi is among the most prominent poetic experiences that embodied the profound fusion between poetic art and ideological spirit. The legacy of Imam Hussein and his religious convictions formed two fundamental axes in his literary project, making his poetry truly aligned with the path of resistance and Islamic consciousness.
-
Nature and Beauty in Modern Arabic Poetry, Diwan of the Poet Badr Shakir al-Sayyab / A Critical-Analytical Study
DHURGHAM HASAN ABED 2026This
-
Manifestations of dialogue in the novel "The Sacrifice of Yunus"
KARRAR KAREEM MSAED 2026 -
The manifestations of the place in the novel (Yazidi strangeness)
MURTADHA RAHI GHAREEB 2026 -
Narrative structure in the novel Muqamara Ala Sharaf Al Laidi Mitsi (Analytical Study)
AHMED TAWFEEQ MUTAR 2026 -
Translation of a collection of stories about the noise of the body (page 87 of the last book)
Zahra Emami 2025كتاب ضجيج الجسد نوشته هيفاء باسيل بيطار معروف به هيفاء بيطار است كه در آن با نگاه ريزبينانه و نقادانه به مسائل اجتماعي، به ويژه مسائل مربوط به زنان پرداخته است. هيفاء بيطار داستان پرداز و رمان نويس مشهور سوري است كه عمده آثار وي را داستان هاي كوتاهي با رنگ فمنيستي و با مضمون رنج هاي اجتماعي شكل ميدهد. اين اثرحاوي 18 داستان مي باشدكه در اين داستان ها نويسنده به تحليل و بررسي مسائل اجتماعي در قالب داستان پرداخته است، شخصيت هاي قصه ها بيشتر افراد آسيب ديده جامعه هستند و نويسنده شخصيت هاي خود را از ميان اقشار پيرامون خود كه به نحوي قرباني جامعه گرديده اند انتخاب كرده است. بنظر ميرسد نگاه نويسنده به جامعه خود تا حد زيادي توأم با بدبيني مي باشد. كليد واژه: ضجيج الجسد، رمان معاصر، رمان معاصر عربي، موضوعات اجتماعي، فاصله طبقاتي، فقر، هيفاء بيطار
-
Analysis of the novel Taste of Wolf based on Jung's theory of archetypal critique
Mahsa Fahimi 2025This study analyzes Jungian archetypes in Abdullah Al-Busais’ novel Ta‘m al-Dhi’b (The Taste of the Wolf). The research approaches the novel through Jungian psychology, with a focus on the theory of archetypes and the collective unconscious. The main objective is to examine symbols such as the “wolf,” the “desert,” and the character of “Dhiban” as archetypal manifestations within the narrative structure of the novel, and to trace the protagonist’s psychological and identity transformation within the specific socio-cultural context of the story. Methodologically, the study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach and applies Jungian archetypal criticism, while also comparing The Taste of the Wolf with other Arabic literary works analyzed through archetypal theory. This provides new insights into the role of symbols and Jungian archetypes in contemporary Arabic literature. The findings reveal that applying Jungian archetypal theory in Arabic literary criticism opens new horizons for interpreting symbolic and psychological texts. The study concludes that The Taste of the Wolf not only reflects a crisis of identity and the individual’s quest for self-awareness but also employs Jungian archetypes such as the “Shadow” and the “Hero’s Journey” to portray Dhiban’s developmental stages. Symbolism emerges in the novel through the wolf as a symbol of the Shadow and the power of nature, and through the desert environment as a testing ground for the hero’s character. The novel also points to the process of individuation from a Jungian perspective, where the individual attains maturity and self-awareness through confronting the collective unconscious and engaging in spiritual experiences. Keywords: Jung, archetype, collective unconscious, hero’s journey, shadow, Al-Busais, The Taste of the Wolf.
-
Typology of place in the novel Gah Nachizi Marg with a semiotic-semantic approach
Fatemeh Mahmoudpur Barkhordar 2025In narrative texts, place functions not only as a setting for events but also as an active factor in shaping meaning and the reader’s experience. In modern and contemporary narratives, place transcends its purely physical and geographical existence, becoming a mental, cultural, and even spiritual sign that is intertwined with the character, their emotions, and inner development. This study, relying on a semiotic-semiological approach, examines the typology of place in Muhammad Hasan Alwan’s novel Mout Saghir, a text that depicts the spiritual life and practices of Ibn Arabi through a symbolic and poetic language, highlighting the role of place in the protagonist’s spiritual and meaningful experience. The research employs a descriptive-analytical method based on close reading of the text, with data extracted and analyzed according to various semantic types of place (including narrative, phenomenological, whirlwind, and transcendental). Furthermore, this study underscores the importance of examining place from a semiotic perspective and shows how the diversity of places (real, mental, symbolic, and transcendental) allows for a multilayered reading of the text and understanding of the character’s development. The findings indicate that in Mout Saghir, place goes beyond a mere geographic space to become a semiotic tool reflecting psychological transformations, spiritual journeys, and the inner dualities of Ibn Arabi. Geographic locations such as Andalusia, Mecca, and Damascus each symbolize a stage in the character’s passage from the material world to the world of meaning, occurring in tandem with his psychological transformations. Places are also interconnected with other semiotic elements, including color and sound: white in sacred spaces symbolizes purity and annihilation, while dark colors in urban and enclosed spaces signify the confinement of reason and matter, whereas sound and silence combine with space to enhance the spiritual experience. Moreover, the use of spatial contrasts, such as city/desert, light/darkness, and high/low, materializes the existential dualities of the narrative, including reason and love, worldly life and the hereafter, with transcendental places serving as the convergence point for these dualities and the protagonist’s Mout Saghir experience. Thus, place in this novel functions not merely as a narrative container but as a multilayered language expressing the character’s psychological and spiritual transformation and linking physical space with spiritual experience.
-
Political and social criticism in the play ALkeilab Tanbaho ALqamar
HUSAM HAMAD MUTLAG 2025 -
The narrative structure in the novel The Blue Lamps by Hanna Mina.
MUNEF SAAD JASIM 2025This study seeks to analyze the narrative structure in the novel The Blue Lamps by Hanna Mina, as one of the most prominent realistic novels in Arabic literature, which deeply reflected the political and social conditions experienced by the Syrian people during the French occupation. The study focuses on how the writer employs basic narrative elements, such as time, plot, characters, place, conflict, point of view, and style, to understand how these techniques contributed to shaping the world of the novel and conveying its intellectual and national message. The study relies on the descriptive analytical approach, where the narrative elements are described and their various roles in constructing the text are analyzed. The focus is on the temporal structure in the novel, which does not proceed according to a linear chronological sequence, but rather relies on flashback and foreshadowing to clarify the psychological and historical backgrounds of the characters and the development of events. The structure of the plot is also analyzed, which combines major political events and individual conflicts, creating a mixture of realism and suspense. In addition, the study addresses the structure of the characters and their role in presenting an image of Syrian society during that period, as the characters emerge between two levels: the resisters seeking liberation, and the hesitant or beneficiary groups from colonialism, reflecting the contradictions of society under occupation. The role of place is also analyzed, as the coastal city turns into a narrative space that reflects the conflict of powers, while the sea and the port represent a symbolism of freedom, openness, and resistance. Keywords: structure, narrative, lamps, blue, Hanna, Mina.
-
The Narrative Structure in the Novel Wadaq Al-Marafi by Mousa Al-Houri: An Analytical Study
MOHAMMED YAS JADAAN 2025 -
Narration in the Novel The Barley Grain by Ahmed Al-Rawaz.
BASIL AHMED LAFI 2025 -
A study of semantic fields in the poetry of Jaber Al-Kazemi
HUSSEIN HATEM ABED 2025 -
Translation of the book "Musem ALjunun" Campiled by "Mujahid Abulhail"
2025 -
Poetic images and their elements in modern Arabic poetry "Nam?kSultan's poetry as a selection
2025 -
Narrative structure in AlSajil novel by Ahmed Al Hamdan (analytical study)
OSAMA MOHAMMED QADER 2025 -
Character analysis and characterization in the novel Ghada Umm Al-Qura
Safiyeh Rashiadi gheshlaghi 2025 -
Personality patterns in the novel "Intentional Mistake" (a descriptive and analytical study)
AYAD HILAL ABDULLAH 2025 -
The Role of Social Media in Promoting and Transforming Contemporary Arabic: Examining the Impact of Platforms like Twitter and Facebook on Arabic Language and Literature
Zahra Darvishi 2025اين تحقيق به بررسي تأثير شبكههاي اجتماعي بر زبان عربي معاصر پرداخته و بر پديدههايي چون زبان هيبريدي (تركيب زبان عربي با واژگان و ساختارهاي انگليسي)، شكلگيري هويت ديجيتال زباني و فاصله گرفتن كاربران از زبان فصيح تمركز دارد. روش پژوهش كيفي بوده و دادهها از طريق مصاحبههاي ساختاريافته با كاربران جوان عربزبان در سه كشور مصر، لبنان و امارات گردآوري شده است. يافتهها نشان ميدهد كه سبك نگارش و گفتمان كاربران تحت تأثير فضاي شبكههاي اجتماعي، دچار دگرگوني شده و موجب بروز گونهاي از زبان تركيبي شده است. همچنين، كاربران از زبان به عنوان ابزاري براي ساختن هويت شخصي و مدرن در فضاي مجازي بهره ميبرند. در پايان، پيشنهاداتي براي بازنگري در سياستهاي آموزشي زبان عربي و افزايش سواد رسانهاي زبانشناسانه ارائه شده است.
-
Manifestations of horror literature in the novel Ibtasim F anta Mayeit by Hassan Al Jundi
2025 -
Analysis of Taha Hossein's novel Mavaraalnahr based on Goldman's sociological theory
Romina Shahinfard 2025 -
The Textual Thresholds in novel " An " by Wafa Abdul Razzaq
AGHILEH BANI RASHID 2025The analysis of paratextual elements in contemporary Arabic novels, and the identification of their patterns and functions as parallel texts, plays a vital and active role in unlocking the complexities of the narrative text and shedding light on its hidden dimensions. This process is essential for engaging the reader and facilitating their understanding of the diverse aspects of the novel. “Anne” by the Iraqi author Wafaa Abdulrazzaq is one of the recent Arabic novels in which paratextual elements are clearly and explicitly presented. These elements represent, in fact, a rich semiotic field that incorporates both linguistic signs—such as the title, introduction, dedication, internal headings, footnotes, quotations, and blank spaces—as well as non-linguistic signs, such as images, icons, and the front and back covers of the novel. These signs demand careful attention and comprehensive understanding to enable the reader to engage with the nature of the text and its multi-dimensional semiotic implications. Thus, paratextual elements serve as a communicative space, through which we receive and interpret these signs as semiotic markers, providing insight into the deeper layers of the narrative text. In her novel, the author employs the technique of the omniscient narrator, magical realism, and integrates historical and symbolic narrative techniques to offer a tragic representation of the current state of her homeland, Iraq. Through the use of projected historical events and their interaction with the painful reality, the author seeks to contribute to the critique and improvement of the deteriorating social and political circumstances. The novel further aims to raise awareness among the reader about ongoing events, enlighten emerging generations, and i ire efforts to rescue the nation from its bleak situation and the various co iracies being plotted against it. This study, using a descriptive-analytical research approach, aims to examine and elucidate the paratextual elements present in the novel under investigation. These elements are considered as semiotic signs or tools that suggest the underlying content of the text, encapsulating the essence of the narrative work. Furthermore, the study investigates the impact and effectiveness of these elements in enhancing the understanding and interpretation of the narrative's creative contributions. In conclusion, the study presents several key findings, the most significant of which is that paratextual elements are a fundamental component of the novel. They play a critical role in shaping the narrative’s direction and meaning, offering profound interpretive dimensions for its reading. These elements represent an essential artistic strategy with significant semiotic power that is indispensable for contemporary narrative works. Their functions include designation, description, semiotics, allure, and poetics, all of which are intricately linked to the thematic content and overall structure of the narrative. Keywords: Contemporary Iraqi Novel, Anne, Wafaa Abdulrazzaq, Paratextual Elements.
-
Translation of the book (introduction to Arab Rhetoric) written by Ahmad Zaif
Fatemeh Zoab 2025 -
The beginnings of the potic story in children's litera ture and its development.
Fatemeh Pirmohammad bagheney 2025 -
Analysis and study of two elements "character" and "incident" in the novel "Wemis"
ARMIN MORADI 2025رمان "وميس" اثر نورالدين درويش شاعر، نويسنده، الجزاِير است؛ وي در اين رمان با بهرهگيري از روشها و ابزارهاي ادبي به معرفي حوادث و جريانات واقعي و رهايي از استعمار ميپردازد. درويش در اين رمان حادثه محور با زباني ساده و با بهرهگيري از شخصيتهاي متعدد اصلي و فرعي بر آن است تا تصويري گويا از وضعيت سياسي و اجتماعي مردم الجزائر را ارائه دهد، حوادث در باب القنطرة، سيدي مبروك، الزيادية، الكدية، رخ ميدهد. داستاني عميق و تأملبرانگيز است كه به زندگي و چالشهاي شخصيتي قهرمان خود، "هلال"، ميپردازد. اين رمان در بستر اجتماعي و فرهنگي الجزاير، به بررسي جستجوي هويت، آزادي و پيچيدگيهاي انساني ميپردازد. داستان حول محور زندگي "هلال" و تجربيات او در مواجهه با بحرانها و تضادهاي دروني شكل ميگيرد. داستان "وميس" روايتگر سفر قهرمان به سوي شناخت خود و جستجوي معنا در زندگي است. "هلال" به عنوان يك جوان با آرزوها و ترسهاي خود، در مواجهه با مشكلات اجتماعي و فرهنگي قرار ميگيرد. او با چالشهاي خانوادگي، اجتماعي و سياسي دست و پنجه نرم ميكند كه هر يك به نوعي بر رفتار و تصميمات او تأثير ميگذارد. اين سفر، او را به سمت رشد فردي و درك عميقتري از دنياي اطرافش سوق ميدهد. اين رمان به دليل عمق شخصيتپردازي و پرداختن به موضوعات اجتماعي و فرهنگي، ارزش بالايي دارد. "وميس" نه تنها داستان يك فرد؛ بلكه نمايانگر مبارزات جمعي جامعه الجزاير است. اين اثر به خوانندگان اين امكان را ميدهد كه با چالشهاي انساني و اجتماعي آشنا شوند و به تفكر درباره هويت و آزادي بپردازند. هدف اين پژوهش بررسي تعامل دو عنصر شخصيت و حادثه در رمان "وميس" است. اهميت اين پژوهش در شناخت چگونگي تأثير حوادث بر شخصيتها و بالعكس، در شكلگيري داستان و پيامهاي آن نهفته است. اين تحليل ميتواند به خوانندگان كمك كند تا درك عميقتري از ساختار روايي و معناي نهفته در داستان پيدا كنند. روش تحقيق اين پژوهش تحليلي-توصيفي است كه بر پايه مطالعه متون ادبي و بررسي عميق شخصيتها و حوادث داستان بنا شده است. با تحليل ديالوگها، توصيفها و تحولات شخصيتها، سعي شده است تا ارتباط ميان شخصيت و حوادث مورد بررسي قرار گيرد. نتايج اين پژوهش نشان ميدهد كه شخصيت "هلال" تحت تأثير حوادث مختلف قرار ميگيرد، اما در عين حال، انتخابها و رفتارهاي او نيز به شكلگيري اين حوادث كمك ميكند. تعامل ميان شخصيت و حادثه نه تنها داستان را پيش ميبرد بلكه به عمق معاني آن نيز افزوده است. "هلال" به عنوان نمادي از جستجوي هويت، نشاندهنده اين نكته است كه انسانها در مواجهه با چالشها چگونه ميتوانند رشد كنند و تغيير يابند. در نهايت، رمان "وميس" نه تنها يك داستان فردي بلكه بازتابي از واقعيتهاي اجتماعي است كه ميتواند الهامبخش نسلهاي آينده باشد. كليدواژگان: داستان نويسي معاصر الجزاير، نورالدين درويش، رمان "وميس"، شخصيتپردازي، حادثه
-
Psychological criticism of the novel "Zohortaklaha Alnar" based on Eric Burn's theory
Gita Amiri 2025 -
Analysis John searl'es speech act in the book Ahlam shahrzad by Taha hossein.
KHATREH ZAREE KANGARSHAHI 2025 -
Comprehensive Critical Narrative Critique of Dark Cave, Cave Tower, Cave Fear, Underpass Based on Lucien Goldman's Theory
Yegane Rahmati 2025The subject of this research is the sociological analysis of the stories Gharatar, The Tower of the Cave, The Fear of the Cave, and The Underpass based on Lucien Goldmann's theory. This four-volume collection was written by child laborers and compiled and published by Ali Sadeghi Khayat. The study examines the extent to which social, economic, and political conditions influenced the creation of these stories.Since a significant portion of collective consciousness is shaped by social conditions, it is evident that all ideologies, including art and what is called literature, reflect the tendencies and emotional states of a society. For example, in a class-based society, the tendencies and emotional states of a particular class are clearly observable in its literary works. Furthermore, it is clear that a literary critic, when analyzing a work, must first identify what aspect of social consciousness (class consciousness) is expressed in that work. The critic's primary task is to translate the ideas embedded in a particular work from the language of art into sociology, determining what can be considered the sociological equivalent of that literary phenomenon.Goldmann's theory introduces numerous key concepts, such as class consciousness, the working class, totality, worldview, transindividual subject (collective subject), social structure, social class, class conflict, reification, the problematic human, the petty bourgeoisie, the proletariat, structural social mobility, mass, characteristics of the mass, and modernity. These concepts are used in the analysis of these works to explore narrative and literary structures and the connection between literature and sociology.Based on the conducted analysis, we concluded that each of these narratives can serve as a form of protest against social environments, cultural beliefs, and economic conditions. Addressing each of these issues could contribute to assisting and rescuing these children.
-
Comparative study of postmodern components in two novels "Sa'at Baghdad " and "Nakhlha va Adamha
Nemat Fatahi 2025 -
Examining the element of dialogue in Shahrzad's plays written by Tawfik Al-Hakim and Ser-e-shahrzad by Ali Ahmad Baksir.
2025 -
Criticism of the article « effect of Persian literature on Arabic language and its literature«
Tina Yasemi 2025Iranian culture and literature had been influencing Arabic culture in various ways since the Achaemenid period. Many Arab countries were part of the regions under Achaemenid control. Moreover, Arabs were part of the large Persian army. During the Sassanid era, due to wars, the cities of Hira and Yemen, the pilgrimage of Sassanid kings and nobles, and other factors, this influence grew in both extent and intensity. In the pre-Islamic and Islamic periods, many Iranians were present with the Prophet and the Caliphs, assisting them in various cultural, literary, and governance matters. At that time, Persian words had permeated the Quran and the poetry of many Arab poets. From the Umayyad period onwards, with the presence of Iranian writers in the Arab courts, translation began, and Pahlavi culture and prose were transferred into Arabic. Later, with the efforts of Iranians, led by the famous Iranian general Abu Muslim Khorasani, the Umayyad dynasty was overthrown, and the Abbasid Caliphate was established. During this period, governance and control of state affairs were in the hands of Iranians. The Abbasid rule led to the revival of Persian culture and literature. During this period, Iranians began writing in Arabic, and Arab scholars increasingly turned to translating Pahlavi texts. This influence spread across various domains. Persian proverbs and wisdom were translated into Arabic, leading to the emergence of a new genre of Arabic literature, the adab genre. Arabic prose and poetry, as well as Arabic and Islamic sciences such as rhetoric, interpretation, morphology, syntax, hadith, narration, etc., were influenced by Persian language and literature. Elements of Iranian culture, customs, and festivals such as Nowruz and Mehrgan are visible in the poetry of Arab poets. Ms. Dalal Abbas, a Lebanese scholar, addresses many of these issues in her article “The Influence of Persian Literature on the Arabic Language and its Literature.” This article contains valuable insights, and given the author's Arab heritage, it can be considered a strong point of the work. However, the article also has some weaknesses, such as brief references, repetition of topics, lack of attention to historical context and structure, and the citation of quotations without proper referencing. Furthermore, the author neglects to mention significant aspects, such as the roles of Hira and the Achaemenids in the Persian influence on Arabic, or she provides only incomplete references to many such matters. This thesis uses a descriptive-analytical approach to critique and analyze her article. Keywords: Persian language and literature, Arabic language and literature, Influence, Culture, criticism, Dalal Abbas.
-
Content and musical analysis of the religious poetry of Hani Abu Mustafa (a case study of the two divans "Akzab al-Asheqin" and "Akher al-Darawish"
OMED ABDALRAHMAN AHMED 2024 -
Translation of the book "Women and the Muslim Family from a Western Perspective" by Dr. Emaduddin Khalil Omar
Alireza Tarafrava 2024 -
Translation of the book jannat al haiwan by taha hossein
Saran Alizadeh 2024به نظر ميرسد كه زندگي حيوانات و ويژگي هاي آن عجيب و رمزآلود است و مانند آن در زندگي ساير جانداران يعني انسان ها و گياهان ديده نميشود،ولي با اندگي تأمل و انديشه در آن پي ميبريم كه تفاوتي زيادي هم با همديگر ندارند مگر در اسم و شكل آنها،و علاوه بر اين انعكاسي از زندگي ماست،كتاب جنة الحيوان تاليف طه حسين برخلاف اسمش كه افكار را به سوي داستان حيوانات و زندگي آنها سوق ميدهد، به صورت ناگهاني ما را متعجب ميكند زيرا در هنگام خواندن به اين موضوع پي ميبريم كه در آن جز نام حيوانات ،اثري از داستان زندگي و گفتاري به زبان آنها وجود ندارد و كتاب در باره غرايز و ويژگي هاي آنها در زندگي روزمره بسياري از ما انسان هاست،در اين كتاب طه حسين اوضاعِ دردناكِ اجتماعي و سياسي مصر را در قالب داستان هاي ادبي به تصوير كشيده ، كه در آن نفس انساني را با ويژگي هاي غريزي حيوانات،گاه به صورت صريح و گاه با كنايه و طعنه توصيف كرده است. به طور كل، اين مجموعه داستان حول موضوع هاي اجتماعي دردناك آن روزهاي مصر و نقد شديد حاكميت تيره آن دوران ميچرخد كه در آن شخصيت منفي انساني به غريزه منفي حيواني تشبيه شده. كلمات كليدي: داستان .ادب مصر. طه حسين.جنه الحيوان
-
Sociological analysis of the novel Kifah Tayyaba by Najib Mahfouz
Mahsa Hematimofrad 2024 -
Anti-Capitalism in O'Neill's Long Day's Journey into Night in Light of Adorno's Aesthetic Theory
Fahimeh Rashanvar 2024Adorno’s aesthetic theory is concerned with the relation of art and society. He introduces the disartification of art which means that a work of art not only cannot be separated from its social context but also is dedicated to mirror the society within which it occurs. Long Day’s Journey into Night is an autobiographical four-act play written by the American playwright Eugene O’Neil. This study, by presenting a clear vision of Adorno’s aesthetic theory and the concepts of capitalism, reification, mass culture, and fetishization, tries to analyze O’Neil’s play in a Marxist manner. This social and political masterpiece will be thoroughly elaborated according to Adorno’s aesthetic theory. This study focuses on the potency of Adorno’s theory in elucidating O’Neil’s criticism of a capitalist system, in the above-mentioned play, in which people are the laborers in the process of producing capital and are tragically diminished as a consequence. Key words: Adorno, Aesthetic Theory, Anti-Capitalism, Eugene O’Neill, Long Day’s Journey into Night
-
Analysis of the Mantegh- ol tair based on the types of thinking in the P4C
Soraya Moradi 2024This research investigates the Logic of the Birds by Attar of Nishapur based on the types of thinking in the Philosophy for Children (P4C) program. Attar's Logic of the Birds, with its foundation in Islamic Sufism and the concept of the Unity of Existence, as well as its allegorical aspects, holds a high position in Persian language and literature. Farid al-Din Attar of Nishapur was a Persian poet and Sufi of the late 6th and early 7th centuries. Matthew Lipman is the founder of P4C (Philosophy for Children). This research first addresses the impact of education and awareness on children's growth and balance, specifically critical thinking, creative thinking, caring thinking, and collaborative thinking. Then, it examines the characteristics of Sufi educational literature and its intellectual and educational features. Philosophy for Children is an educational program designed to cultivate thinking and reasoning skills. It aims to nurture thoughtful, aware, purposeful, inquisitive, and creative individuals. The approach of this program is based on group research (inquiry circle). The Logic of the Birds, this Sufi epic, addresses the Unity of Existence, a significant philosophical concept. It employs dialogue, a crucial tool for understanding, thinking, feeling, and learning, to convey its message. The narrative style and the poet's mode of expression, along with the stories and tales, are highly significant. This work ranks high in the skill of creative thinking in terms of trendsetting and thought-provoking and fostering a sense of responsibility. Additionally, Attar, in the form of the hoopoe, presents the reality of matters, the difficulties of the path, and the effort to raise awareness and attain insight to each of the birds through beautiful tales. It can be said that by addressing issues such as the expansion of virtues (patience, trust, gratitude, loyalty, and self-improvement), it holds a high rank in the skill of caring thinking.
-
The challenge between tradition and modernism in the play Masah Zeinab by Ali Ahmad Bakthir (with emphasis on the issue of women)
Fatemeh Rezabeygi 2024نوگرايي يا مدرنيسم به انگليسي: (Modernism) كه از آن به نامهاي نوينگرايي يا تجددگرايي نيز ياد ميشود، يك جنبش فلسفي و هنري است كه از دگرگونيهاي گسترده در جامعه غربي در اواخر قرن نوزدهم و اوايل قرن بيستم به وجود آمد. هدف از اين پژوهش بررسي چالش ميان سنت و مدرنيسم در نمايشنامه ماساه زينب اثر علي احمد باكثير است. علي احمد باكثير (????_????م) اديب و نمايشنامه نويس يمني از جمله اديباني است كه در آثار منظوم و منثور خود به مسائل و مشكلات جامعه اش پرداخته است. در اين پژوهش با استفاده از روش توصيفي و تحليلي متن داده و با استفاده از منابع كتابخانه اي و الكترونيكي به بررسي و تحليل مولفه هايي چون استعمار، آزادي، استبداد ستيزي، زن و عشق به وطن در اين نمايشنامه پرداخته شده است. باكثير در تراژدي زينب، زن را يك قهرمان توانمند و اثر گذار كه روحيه ي مبارزه طلبي دارد معرفي مي¬كند. دغدغه اصلي باكثير نجات كشور است. باكثير براي تحقق بخشيدن به اهداف ملي، عشق خود را ناديده مي گيرد. چون آن را مانعي براي مبارزه با ظلم مي داند چون قهرمان اين تراژدي به باور هاي سنتي و ديني جامعه ي خود بي اعتنا است به عاقبتي غم انگيز دچار مي شود. از مهمترين نتايجي كه در اين پژوهش بدان رسيديم اين است كه نويسنده در اين اثر مظلوميت زن را در قالب شخصيت زينب به خوبي ترسيم نموده است. واژگان كليدي: سنت و مدرنيسم، نمايش نامه، ماساه زينب، علي احمد باكثير
-
Analytical studies of Sufi poetry by the poet Abd al-Salam Muhammadi
BARHAM HASAN ABDULLA 2024 -
The interaction of Palestinian literature and cinema (case study: Al-Makhdoun's drama)
Hosna Mansori 2024 -
A comparative study of life expectancy in the book "TheEndings" by Abdurrahman Manif and the story of Mr. Dejavu by Pantea Kohandad
Mohammad Akbariani 2024حا اقي و اا ي از معناي واقعي "اميا زناگي" ط ز شافتآو ي اشوا است. اميا زناگي، تخميو ميانايو تعااا سا هاي اضافي است ر يك ف ا ا يك سو معيّو مي- توانا انتظا زناگي ا ااشت اشا. اميا طو مؤثّ ي سيا ي از حوز هاي زناگي تأثي گذا است، چ ار اف اا امياوا هت قاا نا تا هاف هاي مؤث ي ا تعييو رننا و تصميمات مناس ي ا ا ايو هاف ها اتخاذ رننا. ميزاو اميا زناگي ا يك نف يا ا يك گ و جمعيتي عوام متعااي از ق ي : س ك زناگي، است سي امكانات هااشتي، وضعيت اقتصااي و ميزاو م گ و مي و يما ي متفاوت است. همچنيو از اميا زناگي ميتواو عنواو يكي از معيا هاي سنجش توسع يافتاي يا توسع نيافتاي جوامع گوناگوو ه ا. ا رشو هاي رمت توسع يافت ، ا مقايس ارشو هاي توسع يافت ت اميا زناگي ا او تو ا نس ت ا پاييو است. اميا زناگي شك غي مستقيم ا ااستاو ها نيز مو ا اشا ق ا گ فت است. قه ماو ها يا ضا قه ماو ها نيز انتظا ي از طو زناگي و ماّت عم خوااا نا وگاهي اميا زناگي ا ا خوا وجامع خوا افزايش و يا راهش مياهنا، و نويسنا ا خلا ااستاو، ايو موضوع مي پ اازا. ايو پژوهش ا هاف سي تط يقي اميا » آقاي اژاوو « اث ع اا حماو منيف و ااستاو » ا نهايات « زناگي مؤ ف هاي آو ا رتا اث پانت آ رهنااا و ا ويك ا توصيفي تحليلي انجام مي شوا.
-
An Analysis of the identity crisis in the novel "Arsofa and Jodran"
Shadi Rahimi 2024 -
Analyzing Mohammad Ghasemzadeh's Iranian legends based on critical thinking in P4C.
Fareborz Gholami 2024Children's philosophy is one of the topics related to psychology and sociology that teaches a person to make the right decision and right thinking. Philosophy for children is an education that is taught to children from an early age and deals with the power of reasoning and judgment. Critical thinking is one of the sub-branches of this science, where criticism here means correct thinking and reasoning that is taught to children so that they can solve their issues and problems correctly in the future. Mohammad Ghasemzadeh's Iranian fairy tales have topics and themes with the purpose of education and thinking for children and teenagers, which are more suitable for the age group of children and teenagers, and it is necessary to examine them based on Lipman's critical thinking. Critical thinking in Ghasemzadeh's fairy tales has been conceptualized and visualized for children and teenagers, that the experience of various characters in the story and their behavior in the events and anomalies of the times is an expression of critical thinking skills. The types of critical thinking skills are visible in Ghasemzadeh's fairy tales, such as skills including thinking, foresight, reasoning and inference, and their teaching in the form of fairy tales is simple and understandable for children and teenagers. Critical thinking in Ghasemzadeh's fables and people's behavior and dealing with norms and anomalies are such that the types of critical thinking skills can be examined properly in their text and the child's critical mind will be formed and strengthened by reading these fables and being influenced by them. Keywords: Iranian legends, Mohammad Ghasemzadeh, Matthew Lipman, multidimensional thinking, critical thinking, critical thinking skills
-
A comparative study of romanticism in the poems of Vadi Saadeh and Sohrab Sepehri
Leyla Akbari 2024"Wadi Saadeh" and "Sohrab Sepehri" are two contemporary poets whose structure and content of their poems are very similar to each other. In addition to that, many indicators of the literary school of romanticism were prominent in the poems of these two, and it is believed that their poetry can be adapted from the literary point of view of romanticism. Wadie Saadeh and Sohrab Sepehri have recounted their spiritual and romantic experiences with fertile imagination, deep and honest feelings, and in this regard, they have used natural symbols a lot. What is certain is that the romantic and love poems of these poets are not devoid of images of the beloved, and the anime lover is also reflected in the poems of both of them. The naturalism of both of them, which was the result of growing up in the green natural environment of Lebanon and the nature of Kashan, both strengthened their romantic views and pushed them towards descriptive realism. Sadness in their poems is more romantic and personal, and sometimes it becomes realistic with the poet's reflection on the social situation. The thought of death in the words of two poets is influenced by the social conditions and bitter events of their lives and sometimes has a romantic and sometimes realistic color. Paying attention to ethics and criticizing social and political anomalies were also other manifestations of romanticism in the poetry of two poets. Therefore, the present research aims to investigate the components of romanticism in the poems of "Wadi Saadeh" and "Sohrab Sepehri" with a descriptive and analytical approach. Keywords: comparative literature, literary schools, romanticism, Sohrab Sepehri, Vadi Saadeh
-
Analysis of the discourse in the two sermons "gharaa and ashbah" of the Nahj al-Balagha based on the critical theory of Norman Fairclough
Ehsan Naserisarabbadieh 2024هدف: هدف پژوهش حاضر تحليل گفتمان موجود در دوخطبه «غراء و اشباح» از نهجالبلاغه است كه در ادبيات اسلامي، بهعنوان يك اثر ادبي و اخلاقي معتبر، حاوي خطبهها، نامهها و حكمتهايي درنهايت بلاغت و فصاحت است و ازآنجاييكه گفتمان هر جامعه تحت تأثير قدرت حاكم بر آن است، بنابراين، تحليل ارتباط آثار ادبي تنها به جوانب زباني متون محدود نميشود، بلكه نيازمند بررسي چگونگي، بستر رويش و خلق متن، چرايي خلق متن، ايدئولوژي و قدرت مسلط حاكم بر آن و در نهايت كنش اجتماعي متن در محيط جامعه است و جستار حاضر دو خطبه مذكور را از منظر نظريه گفتمان انتقادي فركلاف كه بيانگر مسائل مذكور است، بررسي كرده است. مسئله و روش پژوهش: اين پژوهش با روش تحليلي-توصيفي و بر اساس تئوري تحليل گفتمان انتقادي نورمن فر كلاف بهمنزله يك رويكرد بينا رشتهاي، ساحتهاي «توصيف، تفسير و تبيين» در اين دو خطبه را با تأكيد بر جنب? ايدئولوژيكي و قدرت محتواي آن تحليل نموده است و درصدد پاسخگويي به اين پرسشها است كه درونمايه اصلي اين دو خطبه چيست و اين نظريه چگونه بستر فهم عميقتر آن دو را فراهم ميكند. يافتهها: يافتهها در بخش توصيف و تفسير نشان ميدهد كه دو خطبه مذكور از ديدگاه روابط آوايي، معنايي و ساختار صرفي و نحوي جملات، بار ايدئولوژيكي، علمي و اخلاقي و ارزش بلاغي و فصاحت واژگان، متناسب با بافت موقعيتي جامعه و هدف خطابهگويي امام است. در بخش تبيين نيز، تأثيرگذاري كلام امام بر جو حاكم و تغيير آن با فوران عواطف و احساسات مخاطب همراه شده است كه زمينه رهايي ايشان از جهل با شواهد تاريخي، علمي و مستند را بيان ميكند. نتيجه گيري: تحليل دقيق و بررسي مفصل مفاهيم دو خطبه نشان ميدهد كه تناسب و توازن در آنها بهگونهاي است كه بر مخاطب بهشدت تأثيرگذار است. اين قدرت ارتباط كلامي با مخاطبان نشان ميدهد كه امام با بهرهگيري از ابزارهاي بلاغي، بياني و موسيقايي كلام توانسته احساسات، عواطف و عقايد جامعه و مخاطب را متأثر كرده و گاهي به چالش بكشد.
-
Examining the dual opposition of despair and hope in Ebater's novel
Reza Farhamand 2024Literature as a type of literature that reflects individual and social issues and society has also paid attention to the phenomenon of hope and hope. The present study deals with the dual opposition of despair and hope in the novel "Alabtar" using a descriptive-analytical method. Hope and hope are among the human characteristics that show themselves with the openings and bottlenecks of his life. In fact, these two concepts are always in conflict with each other and have an individual and social concept. In the novel "Al-Abtar" Mamdouh Adwan has put hope and despair face to face; Where the main character of the story tries to find openings of hope and freedom in the height of desperation and freedom, and to reach his mental utopia, which is victory, he resorts to increasing hope. The prominent features of hope in this work are shown with concepts such as struggle, striving for freedom and victory, faith, empathy, love for family, not thinking about death, sense of survival and life and courage. In drawing the concept of despair, the author has talked about components such as loneliness and fatigue, war, fear and panic, failure and the terrifying concept of death and suffering. Individual hope and despair in this work is influenced by the social situation. The war and struggle and the occupation of Al-Mansoura village caused the main character of the story to move his personal hope and despair towards social hope and despair. Although the concept of war and displacement is a dominant concept in this work, we can look at this work from the window of hope and not see it as a mere reflection of despair and failure. The author also used literary tools such as simile, metaphor, irony and other literary arrays in drawing the duality of hope and despair, where metaphor has more frequency. The writer's attitude towards hope and despair is more towards hope and he tries to present a correct and deep understanding of these two concepts to the audience. Key words: Contemporary Syrian fiction writing, Al-Abtar, Mamdouh Adawan, Omid, Hope
-
Reflecting the popular revolution of 2011 in Egypt in the novel (It's blood) by Nawal Al-Saadaw
Sanaz Amiri 2024The novel It's blood, by Nawal Saadawi (born on October 27, 1931 in Kafr Tahle and passed away on March 21, 2021 in Cairo) is an Egyptian writer and psychiatrist ؛ In this novel, she uses literary methods and tools to introduce the real events and currents of the Egyptian Revolution (2011). In this incident-oriented novel, Saadawi aims to present a clear picture of the political and social situation of the Egyptian people in 2011 with a simple language and using many main and secondary characters، Gives. In this research, the author investigates and analyzes the reflection and reflection of the events of the Egyptian People's Revolution (2011) and the constituent elements in this novel. Keywords: Nawal Saadawi, Arab Spring of Egypt, Inna Al-Dam, contemporary Arabic novel.
-
Criticism of Quran translation Abolfazl Bahrampour
Fatemeh sadat Mirgheysari 2024Translating the Holy Quran into any language, including Persian, is very difficult and requires mastery of the source and destination languages. Among the Persian translations of the Holy Quran, especially in recent decades, there are several translations that are accurate and fluent and beautiful have been published, and the translation of Professor Bahrampour is one of the most prominent among them. (Royanian, 2018: 68). Considering the oldness of the translation and the fact that most of the translations were literal in the past, it may be assumed that this work is a literal translation; Because the predecessors, out of concern for maintaining trust in translating the Qur'an, did their best to ensure that nothing was added from the original text, and that all words and letters were translated into the target language exactly as they are in the original language. But since in every language there are allusions, metaphors and terms that the lack of accuracy in translating causes complexity and ambiguity in the target text, and also because each language has its own format and structure. and the structure of sentences in Persian language is not completely consistent with Arabic language, measuring the success rate of this category of translations in conveying the concepts of the Qur'an requires research and investigation. (Tak-tabar Firouzjai, Naseri and Skaili, 2015: 3) Sometimes the reviews are topical; that is, a literary or syntactic discussion and. A translation is criticized among different translations, and sometimes the criticisms refer to a specific translation, which is of the second type. (Tabibi, Nabavi, 2018: 87). The purpose of the research is to put his translation in the crucible of criticism with the descriptive analytical method and examine the accuracy of the translator in understanding and conveying the divine message of the verses. Keywords: Quran, Criticism, Translation, Abolfazl Bahrampour
-
Correcting, verifying and commenting on the good news in explaining the individual (Department of Exchange)
Rezgar Molaee 2024لك الحمد يا من زين الأزهان بمعرفة حقائق العلوم والأداب و لك الشكر يا من رفع الأدران بتناول دقائق الأسباب والصلواة والسلام علي هيولي منبع الوجود و أساس بناء الكرم والجود حضرت مُحمَّد المصطفي و علي آله و أصحابه النجباء إلي يوم اللقاء لما انفتق فجر الإسلام اعتنق علماء الإسلام بكمال الإخلاص إلي مباني الشريعة و ذرائعها و توجهوا إلي طرقها المستقيمة لأن يصلوا إلي المشرعة العظمي و ادلوا الادلاء فيها حتي اخذوا قدر مستطاعهم منها و رفعوا عمن هو عطش إلي معالم الأمور الغواشي و وشحوا وشاح الفضل لهم فجزاهم الله عنا أحسن الجزاء و أكرمهم أكرم الأبواء والحمدلله والمنة فقد دامت مناهجم العالية إلي يومنا هذا حتي اعطت نتائجهم الباهرة و انجبت خدماتهم الظاهره أساتيدنا الكرام فازدهروا بانخراطهم في سمط التقرير و سلك التحرير ففي البداية اري واجباً علي أن اتقدم بالشكر التام للباعثين علي هذه الجامعة المباركة و علي راسهم معالي مدير الموقر و جميع القائمين علي قسم الدراسات العليا وكلية الأداب خاصة فرع اللغة العربية و في مقدمهم فضيلة عميد الكلية فمن الطف الله به وجعله ذخرا لأبويه الأستاذ الشفيق الحميم و المحنك الخبير سماحة الاستاذ الدكتور شهريار همتي فأقبل اياديه البيض فقد اعطي خدماته السامية و اعطي القوس بارئها بالأشراف علي هذه الرسالة كما اتقدم بطوي الخالص و ملا الافواه كمال الفضيلة لاستاذة المساعدة الدكتورة مريم رحمتي حقا بلغت إلي اقصي ذروة الاخلاق و استوقفت اليها الاحداق فجزاها الله خير الجزاء و بلغها إلي اغصان آمالها بجاه نبيه وأله و نشكر من قاطبة اساتذتي في الحوزات العلمية بمحافظة الكردستان فانهم لم آلوا جهدا لهذا الحقير من بدو التعليم إلي يومي هذا و فتحوا لي حجورهم المباركة بغية التربية والتعليم لا زالوا مقبولين في سدة الباري و عتبته العاليه و اتقدم بجزيل الشكر لزملائي العظام وكل من حضضني في انجاز هذا العمل العالي خاصة الأصدقاء الاعزاء بدار الكردستان. فنرجوا الله أن يجزيهم بما لديه و أسكنهم بحبحة جنانه بحرمة نبيه وآله.
-
Translation of the book «The Principle of Shi'ism»
Zahir Rasoli rad 2024اين كتاب مجموعهاي است كه برادر بزرگوار شيخ خليفهبنعبيد كلباني عماني تأليف كرده و در ارتباط با مسائل خلافت است كه عموماً ديدگاههاي مذاهب اسلامي پيرامون آن، مختلف و متفاوت است و همچنان جاي بحث و گفتگو دارد. نويسنده در نظر داشته است كه [اين سلسله گفتار] براي سطوح مختلف، آسان و به دور از پيچيدگي و اطناب باشد. با وجود اين، آن را به منابع تاريخي و حديثيِ مورد قبول اهل سنت، بدون آن كه مختص پيروان اهل بيت باشد، پيوست زده تا گويا و مستدل باشد. اين مقالات و گفتارها، حاصل تجربهاي است كه نويسنده آن را زيسته و در آن انرژي و توان خود را صرف كرده و موفق شده است كه راهي بهسوي نور و روشنايي بگشايد تا هر كه به دنبال آن بوده، از آن روشنايي بهره بگيرد.
-
Translation of the book «who says Imam should be chosen by God?«
Fatemeh Asadollahi zoj 2024از مسائل اساسي و مهم در امامت، مسأله نصّ بر امامت است. شيعه قائل به نص پيامبر (صلي الله عليه و آله وسلم) بر امامت و جانشيني ائمه اطهار (عليهم السلام) است و در مقابل، اهل سنت، قائل به عدم نصّ نبّي بر جانشيني امامان شيعه است. يكي از نويسندگان معاصر شيعه به نام خليفة عبيد الكلباني العماني در كتاب «من الذي قال بالنص علي الإمامة» با استناد به شماري از آيات و روايات نصّ بر امامت امامان شيعه را به اثبات رسانده است. نكتهي حائز اهميت در اين كتاب، منابع معتبري است كه نويسنده اين اثر از كتب اهل سنت نقل كرده است كه راه را بر متعصبان بسته و آن را مورد قبول عموم مسلمانان قرار داده است. از اين نويسنده آثار ديگري با عنوان «حول علم الائمة بالغيب» ، «الشيعة و الصحابة» «الشيعة و القرآن» ، «من هم اهل البيت»، « لماذا سمي الشيعة بالإثني عشرية» است.
-
Reflection of cultural and social themes in Arabic proverbs
Farideh Maryami kiani 2024 -
A comparative study of despair and hope in the poems of nazik al-malaika and Fatima Rakei
FARZANEH QHAMBARI 2024Fear and hope can be seen as one of the prominent characteristics of human beings, which are at the center of gravity of human emotions. These two distinct traits have a deep connection with high human emotions and when it approaches its peak, it gives a person strong motivation. Contemporary writers, with the understanding and knowledge they have of fear and hope, in their poems, prevent the society and especially their audience from painful issues with fear and make them optimistic about the issues around them with hope. do Among the poets who are committed and committed to Nazik Al-Malaika society are Iraqi poet and contemporary Iranian poet Fatemeh Rakei. These two female poets have a lot of emotional and social themes in their poems, a significant part of which is about fear and hope. This research, with a descriptive-analytical method, seeks to explain and investigate despair and hope in the poems of these two poets. In this way, after explaining the manifestations of hope and despair, the most important songs of fear and hope in the poems of these two poets are examined and compared. From the results of this research, it can be pointed out that there are many pains and hopes in Nazik Al-Malaika and Fatemeh Rakei's poems, and these two poets have a lot of hope and despair regarding social issues, especially women. In the poems of these two poets, there are many issues, some of which are stories of hope and others are derived from the despair and hopele ess of the two poets.
-
The aesthetics of technical images in the poems of Alireza Ghazoh and Saleh Mahmoud Howari
Soraya Karami 2024 -
Investigating the Secondary Purposes of News and Essay Sentences (Case Study: Volume 2 of Al-Hayat Book)
Tayebe Maleki gavani 2024قرآن كريم كه يكي از معجزات بيبديل الهي در علم بلاغت است، براي هدايت و روشنگري انسانها و رسانيدن آنان به سرچشمه زلال معرفت الهي، همواره از رساترين و فصيحترين اسلوبها استفاده كرده است؛ لذا در اين حقيقت شكي نيست كه آيات قرآن سخنان و كلام بزرگان دين بويژه امامان معصوم (عليهم السلام)، در بردارنده مضامين، معاني روحبخش و تركيبات متين و الهام بخشي است كه با گذشت قرون و اعصار و پيشرفت انديشه بشري بويژه در حوزه زيباييشناسي، هر روز جلو? تازهاي از اسرار علوم و معارف الهي، براي بشر امروز نمايان ميشود. از جمله اين علوم، علوم بلاغت است كه به معناي مطابقت كلام با مقتضاي حال مخاطب، هماره به عنوان يكي از جلوههاي اعجاز و هماوردناپذيري قرآن، مطرح بوده است و به دليل غايت و هدفي كه دارد (معرفت قرآن كريم) از اشرف علوم به حساب ميآيد.اين دانش خود شامل معاني، بيان و بديع است؛ رعايت هركدام از اين موارد سبب زيبايي كلام و تأثير بيشتر بر مخاطب ميشود. علم معاني، در جهت شناخت دقيق ابعاد مختلف بلاغت كلام به صورت عام و كلام الهي به صورت خاص، پديد آمده است و متكلم را قادر ميسازد تا آنچه در ذهن ميپروراند به مخاطب القا نمايد. زيباييهاي قرآن كريم از نظر اين علم، مباحث متعددي را شامل ميشود كه ميتوان به احوال جملههاي انشايي اعم از طلبي به عنوان يكي از مقاصد آن اشاره نمود كه به دليل افاد? معاني ثانوي، در علم معاني از اهميّت بالايي برخوردارند. اين پژوهش به روش تحليلي- توصيفي به بررسي و استخراج جملات انشايي طلبي در جلد دوم كتاب الحياة اثر علامه محمّدرضا حكيمي كه در كتب بلاغي به آن اشاره شده پرداخته است. بررسيهاي به عمل آمده حاكي از آن است كه استفهام يكي از اقسام پركاربرد اين انشاء است كه در جلد دوم كتاب الحياة نيز فراوان يافت ميشود؛ چرا كه قرارگرفتن اين اسلوب در لابه لاي آيات قرآن، هم بر زيبايي و فصاحت قرآن ميافزايد و هم اذهان مخاطبان خود را به موضوعاتي متوجه ميسازد كه لازم است در اين موضوعات تفكر و بدينوسيله تحولي بنيادين در نظام فكري و سپس زندگي خود ايجاد كنند. كلمات كليدي: كتاب الحياة، محمدرضا حكيمي، انشا طلبي، اغراض مجازي انشاء طلبي.
-
Analyzing and examining the characters of the novel "An" by Wafa Abdul Razzaq
Elnaz Raeesi 2024Character analysis plays a significant role in helping readers understand and clarify the content of a novel. Wafaa Abdul Razzaq, a contemporary Iraqi novelist, is known for her social concerns. In her novel "An," she analyzes and examines the characters, who often represent social issues. She also uses historical techniques and magical realism to create a somber portrayal of the U.S. invasion of Iraq. The author uses detailed descriptions of the characters, who are drawn from real-world society, to make the story more realistic for readers. The characters are complex and dynamic, and they are often introduced through dialogue or monologue. The protagonist of the novel is King Mahoud, who is a privileged man who becomes a wise and just ruler after facing many challenges. Other characters include Queen Sarmar, Queen Shams, Prince Qumran, Prince Najman, Princess Yaqut, Prince Baghdan, Amin, Malaz, Boragh, Prime Minister Arian, Zahran, Nouran, Mesbah, and a snake. The author uses a third-person omniscient point of view to reveal the characters' thoughts and feelings. She also uses a descriptive style to create a vivid and believable world for readers. This novel is a valuable contribution to Iraqi literature. It is a powerful and moving story that explores important social issues. In her novel "An," Iraqi novelist Wafaa Abdul Razzaq uses magical realism and historical techniques to create a somber portrayal of the U.S. invasion of Iraq. The characters are complex and dynamic, and they are often introduced through dialogue or monologue. The protagonist, King Mahoud, is a privileged man who becomes a wise and just ruler after facing many challenges.
-
The Translation of the book (Psychological Warfare from the Perspective of Islam)
Niloofar Baharvand 2024جنگ نرم تعريفي كه مورد پذيرش همگان باشد ندارد. در علوم نظامي از واژه ي جنگ رواني يا عمليات رواني استفاده ميشود كه در همه ادوار تاريخ بشريت به شكلهاي گوناگون در انواع جنگها و درگيريها مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. نوعي تغيير و دگرگوني بدون خونريزي و خشنونت است كه در زمان گذشته به اين صورت وجود نداشته است امّا امروزه هجوم دشمن در حوزههاي مختلف اقتصادي اجتماعي فرهنگي سياسي و... است كه نتيجه ي آن از بين بردن باورها و ارزشهاي جامعه مورد هدف و جايگزيني هويت تازه است. در واقع دشمن با ابزارهاي مناسب خواست و اراده ي خود را بر يك ملت تحميل ميكند و بدون اشغال نظاميانديشه ي ملت را به اشغال خود درميآورد. از اين رو احاطه ي همه جانبه بر رفتار و افكار هدف دارد. غايت اصلي در جنگ رواني تسلط بر ديگران است اما اين تسلط به صورت پنهاني است. اين جنگ مؤثرترين، كارآمدترين، كم هزينهترين و در عين حال خطرناكترين نوع جنگ است. از عوامل تقويتكننده اين جنگ ميتوان به جهل مخاطب اشاره كرد از اين رو از بهترين راهها براي مبارزه با جنگ رواني بالا بردن سطح آگاهي مردم است. همانطور كه اشاره شد، جنگ رواني از رايجترين شيوههاي تهاجمي بشر براي پيشبرد اهدافش بوده است ولي امروزه با پيشرفت تكنولوژي، بوجود آمدن رسانه و در نهايت اينترنت، ديگر جنگ رواني يك امر عادي و پيشپا افتاده محسوب نميشود، ميتواند براي قبولاندن مسألهاي جزئي در ذهن مخاطب باشد يا سلطه ي كلي بر ملتي. مهمترين جنبه ي جنگ رواني تغيير نگرش عمومي ملت است كه ميتواند بصورت شعار ظهور كند يا روشهاي عملي مانند ارعاب و خشنونت. تاكنون كتابها و مقالات زيادي در اين حوزه تهيه و منتشر شده است كه هركدام براي مخاطبين خاصي نگاشته شدهاند. امّا برايشناساندن مفهوم جنگ رواني به مخاطب، از ديدگاه اسلام و استناد به روايات و آيات قرآن كريم ميپردازيم به ترجمه كتاب (( النظرية الاسلامية في الحرب النفسية )). در اين كتاب مفهوم جنگرواني، اهداف و وظايف آن، روشها، مبناها، آثار، و راههاي پيشگيري از آن مورد بررسي قرار گرفته است. و همچنين تاكتيك هاي رواني بكار گرفته شده در صدر اسلام و پيروزيهاي بزرگ و بدون درگيري و خونزيري نظير فتح مكه كه از اين طريق كسب نموندهاند مورد بررسي قرار ميگيرد . در اين كتاب روش مطالعه ي اسنادي بكار برده شده است، به ويژه استفاده از آيات قرآن كريم. براي ترجمه ي آيات قرآن كريم از ترجمه ي آقاي فولادوند استفاده كردهايم.
-
The Translation of the Book "Chapters in Comparative Literature and Translation"
Nasim Zarei cheshmeh shafi 2024معرفي فصلهاي كتاب كتابي كه فراروي خوانندگان است، نه فصل را دربردارد؛ فصل اول آن به تعريف ادبيات تطبيقي با استناد به تعاريف تعدادي از پژوهشگران اين حوزه ميپردازد و با تعريف آن دانش از نظر نويسنده اين سطور، پايان مييابد. همچنين به حوزههاي مختلفي كه اين تخصص در مسير آنها حركت ميكند و موضوعات پراكندهاي كه به آن علاقه دارد، ميپردازد. اما فصل دوم در بر دارنده تعداد فراواني از نوشتههاي تطبيقي بر گرفته از ميراث كهن عربي است كه اصطلاحي ويژه برايش تعريف كرده يا آن را به صورت روشمند و دقيق بررسي ننمودند، چنانچه متوني كه در اين زمينه از آنان به جا مانده از ارزش فراواني برخوردار است كه در جاي خود بررسي خواهد شد. به دنبال آن فصل ديگري ميآيد كه نگارنده در آن در برخي از مباحث مهم در مسير مطالعات تطبيقي عرب در دوران معاصر تأمل نموده است تاجايي كه با حضور مرحوم دكتر محمد غنيمي هلال اين مطالعات تكميل ميگردد لازم به ذكر است كه هركس در اين زمينه مطالعه كند به جايگاه ويژه ايشان اعتراف ميكند
-
Translation of the book “Teaching the Arabic Language to Non-Native Speakers” by Ahmed Madkour and Iman Ahmed Haridi: Chapter: First to third
Nashmineh Sharifi 2023يادگيري زبان عربي در ايران همواره مورد توجه دانشمندان و پژوهشگران بوده است زيرا از يك سو كشور ما از دير باز مهد تعليم و تعلم علوم اسلامي بوده است كه براي فهم بهتر و صحيحتر از متون ديني لازم است با زبان عربي آشنا باشيم، امروزه نيز به علت مركزيت ايران به عنوان يكي از كشورهاي صادر كنند فرهنگ و تمدن اسلامي، نياز به امر يادگيري زبان عربي بيش از پيش احساس ميشود. و از سوي ديگر تعاملات فرهنگي، اقتصادي، سياسي و اجتماعي ما باكشورهاي عرب زبان منطقه و همسايه لازم ميكندكه به زبان آنان آشنا باشيم. بنابراين يادگيري اين زبان در ايران موضوعي بسيار مهم و حياتي است، كه پژوهشگران و فعالان در اين حوزه را برآن داشته تا با راهكارهاي بهتر و كاربرديتري به آموزش اين زبان بپردازند. بنابراين به خاطر اهميت يادگيري صحيح زبان عربي در سطح دنيا پژوهشگران عربي در دانشگاهها و مؤسسات آموزشي همواره در پي ارائهي راهكارهاي بهتر و آسانتر براي آموزش زبان عربي هستند.
-
The Translation of the book? Loghman Hakim? by Abdullah Kanun Al-Hassani
Fatemeh Tamimi 2023اين كتاب جديد درباره «حكيمي» صحبت ميكند كه خدا گفتارش را پسنديده و آن را در كتابش براي ما حكايت كرده است تا به او تمسك جوييم و عزم و اراده را از او برگيريم. اين كتاب همچنين ما را با نام، مليت، نسبت، عصر او، شهر او، خصوصيات، اخلاق و پيشه و حرفه او آشنا ميكند. فصلهاي ديگر كتاب نيز صادقانه و صريح در مورد لقمان در قرآن، حديث، شعر، ضربالمثلهاي عرب، همچنين درباره حكمتها و قضاوتهاي او، حكايات و وصيتهاي او به پسرش است با ما صحبت مي كند.
-
Arabic heritage in BostanSaadi
Sima Yousefi 2023از قديمالايام ايرانيان به سخنان حكيمانه مشهور بودهاند. آثار زيادي در ادبيات فارسي وجود دارد كه از چشمه جوشان حكمتهاي ايران باستان نشأت گرفته است، كه از آن دسته ميتوان به آثار گرانقدر مشرفالدين مصلح بن عبدالله شيرازي شاعر و نويسنده بزرگ قرن هفتم اشاره كرد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسي تأثيرپذيري سعدي از منابع عربي با استفاده از شيوه كتابخانهاي و روش توصيفي ـ تحليلي گردآوري شده است. نتايج تحقيق نشان ميدهد كه بر خلاف آنچه كه در منابع عربي آمده است، آثار سعدي متأثر از فرهنگ ايران باستان است. با بررسي منابع مختلف دريافتيم كه ايرانيان پند و اندرز را راهي براي سعادت خويش ميپنداشتند و همواره اين پند و اندرزهاي حكيمانه جوامع ايران باستان را از انحراف بازداشته است. تا جايي كه در متون قديم پندهايي به نامآوران و اساطير ايران چون انوشروان، اردشير بابكان، شاپور، بهمن، هوشنگ و ... نسبت داده شده است. از آنجا كه تبادل فرهنگي فراواني ميان اعراب و ايرانيان وجود داشته است، بسياري از حكمتهاي ايراني در طول گذشت اعصار به ميان حكمتهاي عربي راه يافتهاند و به دليل اينكه منابع آن در نظر گرفته نشده است يا به اشتباه به فردي غير ايراني نسبت داده شده است، رنگ و بوي عربي به خود گرفتهاند. تأثيرپذيري سعدي همانند ساير شاعران مسلمان از قرآن را نميتوان ناديده گرفت اما اين امر دال بر تأثيرپذيري وي از حكمت عربي نيست زيرا ساخت صنايع ادبي با استفاده از تلميح و اشارات اين شاعر بزرگ و ساير شعرا را به استفاده از آيات قرآن و واژگان عربي سوق داده است و اين امر براي زيبا سازي كلام مورد استقبال قرار گرفته شده است. كلمات كليدي ايران باستان، فرهنگ ايراني، حكمت، سعدي، بوستان
-
Structural and content analysis of the novel Shorafat Al-Aar by Ibrahim Nasrallah Based on the theory of Fowler
Hossein Dashadi 2023Abstract The Balcony of Shame is the title of one of Ebrahim Nasrallah's social novels which, with a critical tone, depicts the chaotic atmosphere and confusion of people who are heavily influenced by rotten attitudes and are always worried about being judged by the eyes that The balconies of their houses are noble over them. Familiarity with this space and the techniques used to reflect the reality made the author delve into the mentioned novel to examine the important narrative components based on a coherent approach, and in this regard, Fowler's "point of view" model was chosen. which has an opinion on the aesthetic aspect of the novel (time-spatial point of view, the narrator and transmission of speech and thought) and evaluates the author's level of attitude and worldview in the novel. The narrative analysis of the novel shows: the language tools used in the temporal-spatial dimension are the basis for the introduction of the characters, and in the attitudinal dimension, with the direct speech style, the reflection of thoughts by the characters themselves is provided. More realism of the novel helps, and on the other hand, the free indirect discourse brings together two interwoven voices of the narrator's and the character's values ??and conveys to the audience that the author's displeasure with the actions and They reveal cultural and social misconceptions and the need to change fundamental attitudes Key words: literary analysis of narrative, Fowler's point of view, the novel of Al-Aar, Ebrahim Nasrallah
-
A Translation of the Book Etar al Amal al Arabic le Hemaya al Mara Men al Onf
Faeze Roostami zahabi 2023ترجمه كتاب أطار العمل العربي لحمايه المرأه من العنف نوشته دكتر هيفا شاكر أبو غزاله (1945 - ) يك سياستمدار اردني است كه چندين مقام عالي در اردن و سازمان ملل متحد و سازمان هاي آن داشته است و از 5 سپتامبر 2013 سمت دستيار دبيركل اتحاديه كشورهاي عربي را بر عهده داشته است. و وزير گردشگري و آثار باستاني در دولت دكتر معروف البخيت از سال 2011 تا 2012. وي از سال 2007 تا 2011 عضو مجلس سناي اردن و فرستاده دبيركل اتحاديه كشورهاي عربي براي جامعه مدني در سال 2013. او همچنين نماينده اردن در سازمان زنان عرب و عضو شوراي اجرايي سازمان از (2007-2014) و مدير منطقه اي سازمان زنان ملل متحد از (1995-2007) و دبير بوده است. اين كتاب توسط سازمان مرأه العربيه در سال2012 در مصر منتشر شده و به موضوع خشونت عليه زنان و آثار زيانبار اجتماعي اقتصادي آن ميپردازد و در اين كتاب به تلاشهاي دولتهاي عربي و استراتژي هاي در نظر گرفته شده براي موضوع خشونت عليه زنان اشاره شده و همچنين اهداف و تشكلِهايي كه براي حمايت از زنان در برابر خشونت در جهان عرب تعيين شده را بيان ميكند. خشونت عليه زنان همچنان به عنوان يك نگراني قابل ملاحظه اي براي سلامت عموم و نقض حقوق بشر به شمار مي رود. كليدواژهها: زن, خشونت، عرب، هيفا ابو غزاله
-
In Vestigating the Rhetorical Approaches in Persuasion and Determent on the Heroic Section of Shahname Ferdowsi
Sara Hiranichenari 2023 -
Translation of the Book The Objective Equivalent in the Poetry of Dr. Zahran Jabr: An Analytical Critical Study Written by Muhammad Ahmad Abd al-Rahman Suleiman
Farzaneh Chelenia 2023اين پژوهش يكي از مسائل مهم نقد ادبيات معاصر يعني معادل موضوعي را مورد بررسي قرار مي دهد، مسئله اي كه نخستين بار در آثار نويسند? انگليسي توماس إليوت مطرح شد. پژوهشگر در اين پژوهش به واكاوي نظري? معادل موضوعي از رهگذر بيان مفهوم آن در نقد ادبي معاصر و وجود يا عدم آن در نقد ادبي قديم مي پردازد. وي افزون بر اين، از نظر تطبيقي اين نظريه را بر شعر دكتر زهران جبر كه تجربههاي شعري وي از لذت زيبايي شناسي، خلّاقيّت هنري، عمق تصاوير و مهارت در تعبير سرشار است، پياده كرده است. بنابراين اين شعر، ميداني براي اشتراكهاي عيني شاعر بوده كه در آن دغدغههاي ذهني و تجربههاي احساسي را براي گريز از بيان احساسات خود به صورت آشكار، تبديل كرده است. هدف از اين جستار تبيين معادل موضوعي در شعر دكتر زهران و چگونگي كاربست آن توسط شاعر به صورت عنصري الهام بخش است كه به واسط? آن از بيان آشكار و مستقيم فاصله گرفته و به ايما و اشاره روي آورده است. اين پژوهش يكي از مسائل مهم نقد ادبيات معاصر يعني معادل موضوعي را مورد بررسي قرار مي دهد، مسئله اي كه نخستين بار در آثار نويسند? انگليسي توماس إليوت مطرح شد. پژوهشگر در اين پژوهش به واكاوي نظري? معادل موضوعي از رهگذر بيان مفهوم آن در نقد ادبي معاصر و وجود يا عدم آن در نقد ادبي قديم مي پردازد. وي افزون بر اين، از نظر تطبيقي اين نظريه را بر شعر دكتر زهران جبر كه تجربههاي شعري وي از لذت زيبايي شناسي، خلّاقيّت هنري، عمق تصاوير و مهارت در تعبير سرشار است، پياده كرده است. بنابراين اين شعر، ميداني براي اشتراكهاي عيني شاعر بوده كه در آن دغدغههاي ذهني و تجربههاي احساسي را براي گريز از بيان احساسات خود به صورت آشكار، تبديل كرده است. هدف از اين جستار تبيين معادل موضوعي در شعر دكتر زهران و چگونگي كاربست آن توسط شاعر به صورت عنصري الهام بخش است كه به واسط? آن از بيان آشكار و مستقيم فاصله گرفته و به ايما و اشاره روي آورده است.
-
Surveying War and Weapons in Darab-namah of Tarsus
Zahra Mehdiabadi 2023اين پاياننامه با عنوان «بررسي و تحليل جنگ و جنگافزار در دارابنام? طرسوسي» به تبيين و تحليل انواع و اقسام جنگها، شيوهها و شگردها و راهبردهاي جنگجويان و ابزار و آلات جنگي مورد استفاد? آنها ميپردازد. هدف اصلي: بررسي و تحليل گونههاي جنگ و انواع جنگافزارها در دارابنام? طرسوسي است. روش پژوهش: اين پاياننامه به روش تحليلي- توصيفي- اسنادي و متكي بر مطالع? منابع كتابخانهاي به انجام رسيده است. يافتهها: جنگها در دارابنامه به دو شيو? تنبهتن و گروهي صورت گرفته است و ابزاري كه در اين دو نوع جنگها استفاده شده بعضي همچون سپر، جوشن و زره ابزار و آلات تدافعي و بعضي همچون تيغ، نيزه، زوبين و گرز ابزار و آلات تهاجمي است. چنانكه پيداست دو اقليم مختلف در اين نبردها ديده ميشود: يكي اقليم زميني و واقعي و محسوس مثل نبردهاي داراب با كشورهاي جزاير هند معروف به دريابار مانند عمان يا نبرد ايران و روم يا نبرد روميان و مصريان و ديگر اقليم فراواقعي و نامحسوس مانند نبرد با ديوان و غولان و زنگيان و نبرد با سگساران و گليمگوشان و.... برخي از جنگها، جنگهاي دروناقليمي و درونسرزميني است؛ مانند جنگ بهمن و رستم و زال، جنگ هماي و داراب و.... موجودات فراواقعي با دو جنگافزار آتش در دهان و فلاخن (پرتاب سنگ) به جنگ با اسكندر و لشكر او ميآيند. اسكندر جنگهاي مختلفي با عناصر واقعي همچون داراب بن داراب و بوراندخت و كيداور هندي و فورشاه و همچنين عناصر غيرواقعي همچون سگساران و غولان و ديوان و زنگيان دارد كه در بعضي از اين جنگها اسير ميگردد و در غالب جنگها پيروز ميشود. البته نقش نيروهاي ماورايي همچون سروش غيبي و راهنماييهاي حضرت خضر و نيز نقش عواملي همچون رعد و برق و صاعقه پيروزيهاي او سهم عمده و اساسي دارد. نتايج پژوهش: شيو? مقابل? دشمن با داراب گاه به شكل تنبهتن و گاه به شكل گروهي بوده است. البته يك شيو? كلي با عنوان «شيو? فريب» در بعضي از جنگها اعمال ميشود. شگردهاي (تاكتيكهاي) مورد استفاده و معمول هم? پهلوانان ازجمله داراب و بوراندخت در دارابنامه شگرد واكنش سريع، استفاده از فنون رزمي و آمادگي جسماني، رفتن در لاك تدافعي، استفاده از اصل غافلگيري و دور زدن دشمن و همچنين شبيخون زدن شبانه و ناگهاني بوده است. جنگهاي غيرمسلحان? داراب با دست خالي و جنگهاي مسلحان? او اگر از راه دور بوده با پرتاب نيزه و تير و اگر از راه نزديك بوده با شمشير و گرز صورت گرفته است. كليدواژهها: جنگ، جنگافزار، داراب، دارابنامه، طرسوسي، داراب، اسكندر
-
Critique of the content of the book Al-Adab Al-Muqaran by Dr. Abbas Al-Abbasi Al-Taie
Mesam Abedi 2023چكيده ? كتاب الأدب المقارن تأليف عباس العباسي الطائي يكي از آثاري است كه به سال 2012 ميلادي در حيطة ادبيات تطبيقي به نگارش درآمده است و نويسنده كوشيدهاست كه اين اثر را به عنوان يك منبع درسي براي دانشجويان و علاقهمندان حوزة ادبيات تطبيقي معرفي بكند. اثر مزبور به ظاهر مشخصات يك كتاب درسي را داراست و نويسنده در پايان هر فصل، سؤالاتي را در راستاي تفهيم مطالب آن ارائه داده است. بنابراين با توجّه به رويكرد نويسنده و اهميّت مطالبي كه مطرح كردهاست و همچنين با عنايت به ادعاي نويسنده مبني بر اينكه به عنوان كتاب كمك درسي قابل استفاده است، نقد و بررسي آن به منظور تبيين نقاط قوت و ضعف آن ضروري مي نمايد. نقد اين كتاب بر اساس دستور العمل شوراي بررسي متون در دو سطح شكلي و محتوايي با مراجعه به متن اثر و با كمك ساير آثار مكتوب حوزة ادبيات تطبيقي انجام پذيرفت. بررسي كتاب بيانگر آن است كه كتاب الأدب المقارن تأليف دكتر عباس العباسي الطائي در شكل و محتوا داراي مشخصات كتاب درسي است و بسياري از مباني نظري آن بر اساس منابع پيشين حوزة ادبيات تطبيقي نوشته شده است بنابراين، نوآوري چنداني در آن ديده نمي شود. از نظر تناسب و جامعيت مباحث نيز نقطه ضعفهايي دارد. نقطه قوت اثر دارا بودن دو بخش نظري و عملي در مباحث و محوريت داشتن مقايسة برخي از متون عربي و فارسي معاصر است. كليدواژهها: ادبيات تطبيقي، نقد ادبي، عباس عباسي الطائي، الأدب المقارن
-
Dictionary of students in wisdom and proverbs
Ghasem Hatami kia 2023(خدا) به هر كس كه بخواهد حكمت مى بخشد، و به هر كس حكمت داده شود، به يقين، خيرى فراوان داده شده است؛ و جز خردمندان، كسى پند نمى گيرد. (سوره بقره آيه ???). بيش از تقريبا بيست سال است كه همچون يك دلباخته به گردآوري گفتارهاي حكمت آميز و سخنهاي ماندگار پيشينيان سرگرمم.ازآن سالهاي دور تا هماكنون، هر گاه كه چشمم بر يكي از اين گفتارها و سخنان ميافتاد، آن را بيدرنگ در دفترهايي كه براي همين كار اختصاص دادهام مينويسم. از آن روز تاكنون سخنهاي بسياري را گردآوردهام
-
Translation of the book (Defater al-Hadar and Ralmazi) by Nizar al-Khazraji
Hamzeh Bighal 2023In the cold of Sogo, one of the peaceful cities in Denmark, a sixty-year-old man sets himself on fire to return to his homeland. Fate was such that this man experienced the terror of the past decades in a difficult country, but returning requires the removal of the man who holds the fate of all the inhabitants of that land in his hands. It is also difficult. He is General Nizar Khazrajji, the former Chief of Staff of the Iraqi Army. Many reasons led me to include him in the "memories" collection. He entered the military academy in 1955 at the same time as the monarchy and three years before the July 14 revolution. He lived his life in the army and in the midst of turbulent decades that are becoming more dangerous to this day. He was promoted in the military ranks and assumed the command of a brigade and a division, and during the height of the Iran-Iraq war in 1987, he was appointed as the chief of the general staff of the army.
-
Translation of the book "The Social Aspect in Modern Arabic Poetry, The Revival Poets as a Model" by Muhammad Ahmad Abd al-Rahman
Hadis Hashemi 2023جامعه باهر آنچه و هر آنكس كه در آن وجود دارد ، مصدري غني است كه شاعر از آن ماده شعر خويش را وام مي گيرد و به هر اندازه كه شاعر در به تصوير در آوردن زندگي مردم صادق باشد، شعر او در ميان مردم زنده باقي مي ماند؛ زيرا شعري است كه با زبان حالشان سخن مي گويد و از احساسات و عواطف آنها پرده بر مي دارد و به احساسات قلبي آنها مي رسد به طوري كه عقل هايشان آن را مي فهمند و گوش هايشان با آن أنس مي گيرند. واين همان چيزي است كه پيروان روش اجتماعي در واكاوي ادبيات به آن توجه دارند و معتقدند كه يك اثر ابداعي شكوه و زيبايي خويش را تنها از زيبايي موضوع يا هدف يا عناصر هنري آن الهام نمي گيرد، بلكه ارزش آن را از تنها ژرفاي راستي بيان مرتبط با اندوه مردم و همذات پنداري با آرزوها و غم هايشان الهام مي گيرد.با توجه به اهميت شهر در بيان رويدادهاي اجتماعي و تثبيت ارزش ها و فضايل، اين پژوهش درصدد است به واكاوي اين بعد از شعر معاصر عربي با نام (بعد اجتماعي شعر معاصر عربي مطالعه موردي شعراي احياگر) بپردازد.
-
Sociological analysis of the novel "Wali al-Tahirir ifi yadiyya balda'a" by Tahir Watar According to Lucien Goldman's theory
KOBRA BOLANd 2023Abstract Lucien Goldman, one of the prominent critics, introduced a new method called developmental constructionism, which, while addressing the content of the work, does not neglect its form, and tries to explain the space and literary-social structure in which the work was formed. This descriptive-analytical research has examined the novel "Wali al-Tahirifah Yediyeh Baldua" written by al-Tahir Watar using Goldman's literary sociology method and aims to express the author's thoughts and beliefs by analyzing the said novel. How the structure of the Arab society and the unfortunate events that happen to it have occupied the writer's mind and it is also intended to determine the role of the environment in the formation of the writer's mental structures. In this essay, the mentioned novel has been examined in two stages: understanding (based on the analysis of characters) and description (based on the analysis of the society). The findings show that the author mentions two important events in this novel, the first is the wave of darkness and blackness that covers the Arab-inhabited areas, and the second is the return of light to those areas and the changes that occur with it. One of the most important events is the end of oil in the Arab region and other important events in the Arab world. In this novel, the author presents the pressure of scientific conditions and the situation of Iraq and the Arab world and Islam. These issues have an impact on the author's mind and narration style, and the impact of these events can be seen in the scattered conversations he has about this. These two events are the main elements and content of the novel because they create everything from the appearance of the characters, the narrative structure, the time frame and the stimulating perspective of the writing. One of the goals that the author seeks in this novel is to describe the current Arab in a satirical form that confuses paradoxes in the realities of the Arab world. Keywords: Literary Sociology, Lucien Goldman, the novel "Wali al-Tahri Rifa Yediyeh Bal-Dua", al-Tahrotar, Arab world
-
A Comparative Study of the Components of Immigration Literature in Return and Amricana Novels.
SHABNAM AMIRI 2023Abstract Migration literature is considered a branch of contemporary and modern literature that is connected with various social, cultural, political and economic issues and actually represents an up-to-date issue in society, therefore, this type and branch of literature has specific content and components. It is unique, and this has caused its content and thematic difference with the literature of the homeland, these components include: cultural differences and losses, nostalgia, identity crisis, racial discrimination, fear and anxiety, etc. The works created in the field of immigration literature take advantage of the life experiences of the immigrant in the two countries of origin and destination, so it can depict the events that happened to the immigrant in both countries in a realistic way. Therefore, the audience of this type of literature was also familiar with new cultures. This is a short definition about the function of migration literature, which is more fully discussed in the text of the research. The main goals that were considered in the focus of this thesis and were carried out are the analysis and review of the two mentioned works to analyze the components of migration literature and also to understand the concept, motivation and effects of migration on the identity, spirit and life of the immigrant. Consequences of the colonial and post-colonial worlds. Regarding the content of this thesis, it should be added that all the content has been written based on the same goals. During this analysis and investigations, similar and main components were extracted from the text of both works, and during that time, the differences and similarities of each was also informed. The first part of the main chapter of this research (fourth chapter) was also devoted to the subject of colonialism, its theory, and the types of colonialism, and from this point of view, the relationship aspect of two works with this important theory was also determined. During the comparative review of two novels, it was found that in addition to many similarities, they also have differences with each other, which, in addition to being noted in the analytical texts, were also noted in the conclusion section. At the end of these studies and analyses, it was found that the narrative method and the outline of the story that both authors used to create their works have similarities, both of these famous authors, although they are from two different nationalities, but in the case of immigration , its issues and challenges have almost the same point of view, they have acted identically in the identification of the main character in their novels, in addition to all these cases, most of the components chosen to nurture and give foliage to each The two novels were not without similarities, but naturally, they had differences in the amount of content and in some details, which were discussed in detail in the main text of the research. Finally, at the end of these comparative reviews It can be added that immigration literary works can be a good guide for people who decide to emigrate and familiarize them with the challenges and issues they face in this way in advance, as well as the analyzes related to the identity part of this research. It can also be a help to know the type of personality and identity of real immigrants in the society, because immigrant literary works are usually i ired by the tangible experiences of immigration, which are created by writers who are immigrants or
-
Translation of the article "The Feminist Contribution to the Arabic Novel"
Shahnaz Jamasbi 2023چكيده: پژوهش حاضر به منظور پايان نامه كارشناسي ارشد رشته مترجمي عربي، معطوف به نقش زنان دررمان هاي كشورهاي عربي و سيرتحولات آن، با تمركز بر ترجمه مقاله «الاسهام النسوي في الرواية العربية»، با روش ارتباطى )عربى-فارسى( انجام گرديد. به طور كلي رمان را مي توان يكي از محصولات ادبي دوران مدرن دانست كه به دنبال تماس جهان عرب با كشورهاي صنعتي در قرن نوزددهم پديد آمد و داراي كاركردهاي متفاوت در جوامع مي باشد.جوامع عرب نيز به ويژه دردوران معاصر تحت تأثير اين هنر قرارگرفته ونويسندگان مشهوري به اين عرصه پا نهاده اند.اين اثر نيزدرابتدا به سير پيدايش وتحولات رمان در اقصي نقاط بلاد عربي پرداخته وعوامل رشد وتوسعه آن رابررسي نموده است. عواملي كه در نتيجه شرايط اجتماعي ,اقتصادي وفرهنگي خاصي كه هر كشور عربي داردزمان پاسخ گويي آنان به اين نياز نيز متفاوت بوده است در ادامه به نقش زنان در رمان عربي پرداخته است وبه چرايي كمرنگ بودن نقش آنان درابتداي مسير پاسخ داده است. نويسنده معتقد است سختي هاي جنسيتي مهم ترين عامل در سر راه رمان زنان است زيرا كه حاملان قلم همواره هم درپي حمل ميراث مردانه اي بوده اند كه به زن بانگاهي برتر گرايانه نگريسته اند.در ادامه موضوعات مورد علاقه نويسندگان زن را در هر دوره اي رابيان نموده است به گونه اي كه باگذرزمان از نظر فكري وهنري پخته تر شده اند. چنانچه از نگاه اين نويسنده، مهم ترين ويژگي رمان زنان در برهه اي از زمان، پرداختن به رويدادهاي زندگي شخصي و بحث از محدوديت هايشان بوده است اماسير تحولي رمان زنان را در عبور از اين مرحله مي داند و اظهار مي دارد كه آثار زنان در گذر زمان تا سطح ادبيات رفيع، پيش رفته و مرزهاي جنسيتي را كنارنهاده است. در پايان، نويسنده ضمن اين كه تفاوت نگاه مردان وزنان نسبت به موضوعات انتخابي آنان رابازگو مي كند؛ با اشاره به شماري از زنان رمان نويس عرب، زنان را در اين عرصه به شراره هاي برافروخته اي تشبيه مي كندكه با آثارشان فكر رابهره مند و روح را سعادتمند مي سازند. كليدواژهها : الاسهام النسوي، رمان زنانه ، ايمان القاضي
-
ترجمه كتاب «مصرالقديمة» نجيب محفوظ.
Seyedmeysam Najafi 2023 -
Semantic and Aesthetic Function of Adoration in Hafiz's Ghazals.
Fatemeh Parandoosh 2023 -
The comparative Analysis of the Components of Resistane Literature in Farooq Jwaida and Mahmoud Shahrokhi’s poems
Raziye Ranjbar 2023Abstract Literature is a reflection of life with all the fine and big cultural, social, political and even economic realities, and sustainable literature is actually a part of literature that seeks to explore the connection of literary texts with the social, political and cultural context of society, a context that It has caused the growth of poets and writers; Because the researcher in the field of sustainable literature can analyze many political, social, cultural and economic events and realities by exploring the literary texts. Farouk Jawaidah and Mahmoud Shahrokhi are contemporary Arab and Persian poets whose poems can be analyzed from the perspective of sustainable literature. The current research is based on the American school of comparative literature, which is not limited to influence, to examine and compare the expressions of stability and resistance in the poems of these two. Anti-tyranny, patriotism, stability and resistance against the enemy, praise of martyrs are the most significant expressions of stability in the poetry of these two poets. Key words: comparative literature, resistance literature, Farouq Jawaideh, Mahmoud Shahrokhi.
-
Traslation of Book: Arvaa Ma Qila Min ALadeiya (The Most Amazing Thing that has been Said about Prayer)
Zahra Ghanbari 2023دعا يكي از مقولههاي بسيار شيرين و جذابي است كه همواره در حيات بشريت مقامي والا و مقدس را به خود اختصاص داده است. به طور كل دعا نوعي پيوند ماورائي است كه با جذب انرژي از عوامل عالم بالا و بازنمود آن در اوامر عالم سفلي، مطالبات و انتظارات خاصي را پاسخ داده است. آنچه در بُنِ اين پديدهي انساني نهفته است، آثار ترتبيتي سازندهي آن است كه در صورت برآورده شدن يا نشدن، قابل انكار نخواهد بود. اميل ناصيف يكي از نويسندگان مشهور فلسطيني است كه در كتاب «أروع ما قيل من الأدعية»، با جهت دادن به نوع نگاه انسان، چراغ اميد بشريت را روشن ساخته و وجه ديگري از عبادت را ترسيم كرده است تا فراتر از ارتباطات روشمند و محدود به مكان و زمان ازقبيل حج، نماز وغيره، با نداي دل و فارغ از همهي هستي انسان را همنشين دائمي خداوند گرداند. مقولهي مورد توجه در اين پژوهش، علاوه بر ترجمهي كتاب مذكور، تحليلي از انواع ادعيهي مكتوب و مورد نظر نويسنده و نيز تأثيرات آن در زندگي بشر است. كليدواژهها : ادبيات ديني، دعا، اميل ناصيف، أروع ما قيل من الأدعية
-
Comparative analysis of the stories of "New Story Collection, from the Legend" and "Spanish Tales and Legends" based philosophy program for children
Neda Nasoori 2023AbstractInsert abstract here. Research Aim: Primary purposes of research, and the research motivation or the reasons why you decided to do this study. Research method: Describe approaches, methods or techniques whose explains are crucial to understanding the study. Findings: Findings should be written in a concise and comprehensive manner. This includes experimental and theoretical findings, relations and correlations, observed impacts, etc. Conclusion: ased on the results of your study, this section should explain the contributions and implications of the research. It may also include suggestions for further studies, evaluations, applications, new relations, and approved & rejected hypothesis. Keywords:Insert your research keywords here.
-
Translation of the book "Teaching the Arabic Language to Non-Native Speakers" by Ahmed Madkour and Iman Ahmed Haridi: Chapter: Fourth to Sixth
Amer Rezaeyan 2023Learning the Arabic language is always given attention, but unfortunately most of the time the learning process is accompanied by problems and sometimes this education does not bring acceptable results. So that the learning method and process of a person whose goal is religious issues is much different from a person who is considering tourism and pilgrimage issues, and also a teacher who is in charge of the education process must use useful and practical methods so that the process The training should be enjoyable and useful as soon as possible. In the book "Teaching the Arabic Language for non-native speakers" it has been tried to address such issues and by presenting experiences and teaching methods and methods of teaching Arabic language in
-
The Love of the Homeland and its Reflection on the Poetry of Al- Waeli
2023أن من الاسباب التي استوجبت أختيار هذا الموضوع بالبحث والتحليل المفصل هو بروز ظاهرة الحنين الى الأوطان في الشعر العربي على وجهه العموم وعلى مر العصور ،وكذلك في الشعر العراقي بشكل خاص . حيث لاحظنا وبشكل ملفت للنظر أن هذه الظاهرة بارزة في معظم أشعار الشيخ الوائلي ، وقد عالج الشيخ الوائلي هذه الظاهرة بصورة موضوعية تستحق الدراسة والتحليل . ومن خلال الدراسة المستفيضة للموضوع وجدنا بأن الشيخ الوائلي (رحمه الله) ، هو أديب من طراز خاص تمكن وبجدارة من أبراز العاطفة الأنسانية المتاصلة في النفس البشرية من خلال نظمه لأجمل وأروع الاشعار التي تغنت بحب الوطن . كما تم التطرق في هذه الرسالة الى أهم الاسباب التي دفعت بالشاعر الى النظم في هذا النوع من الشعر ، حيث وجدنا أسباباً عديدة منها سياسية واجتماعية و ثقافية . بالاضافة الى ما تم التطرق اليه اعلاه فأن أهمية هذه الدراسة تكمن في ماستضيفة هذه الدراسة من أشياء جديدة من خلال التطرق الى مواضيع تتعلق بعاطفة الانسان ومشاعره ، ومنها مشاعر الحنين بمختلف مجالاته مثل الحنين الى الوطن والحنين الى الأهل والأصدقاء والحنين الى المحبوب وكذلك الحنين الى الذكريات الماضية . كل ذلك تم من خلال توصيف هذه المشاعر باستخدام بواعث هذا النوع من الحنين مثل : البرق ، والنسيم ، والحمام ، والدموع ، والنخيل وغيرها من الأدوات الاخرى . وفي نهاية هذا البحث أستنتجنا بأن الشيخ الوائلي يمتلك حساً أدبياً مرهفاً وذوقاً بلاغياً رصيناً ، نراه واضحا من خلال نتاجه الادبي واشعارة ، كما أتصف آسلوب الوائلي في معالجته لغرض حب الوطن والحنين اليه بالقوة والرصانة ، فقد أستخدام الالفاظ المباشرة للحب والحنين والغربة ، ومما زاد في رصانة قصائدة هو كثرة أستعماله للالفاظ الموحية بالحب والحنين . كما تميزت الصورة الشعرية التي جسدها الوائلي في شعر الحب والحنين الى الوطن بالقوة ، حيث شملت الصورة البيانية نواحي بلاغية رائعة تمثلت بقوة في التشبيه والاستعارة والكناية . كما أبدع الشيخ الوائلي في رسم الصورة الحسية لمعاناته في الغربة ، حيث ساعدت في وصف عواطفه الجياشة التي حملها في صدره ، مما يوحى للسامع بما يشعر به الشاعر من الحب والحنين الصادق النابع من عواطف الشاعر الصادقة .
-
Family in Arabic Proverbs
Parasto Abdolahi 2022The folklore literature of any society reveals many cultural realities, social beliefs and the institutionalized mentality of that society. Proverbs are a part of oral literature that can be used to understand the rules and norms of a community. In addition, the family, as the first and smallest community, has a special structure and system, part of which is reflected in proverbs. Arabic proverbs are not excluded in this regard and originate from their way of life and have an inseparable connection with people. The present article aims to investigate the systemic approaches of the family in Arabic proverbs with a descriptive-analytical approach and to show the mentality and culture of the Arab people towards the family based on the Arabic proverbs. The result of the research shows that despite the existence of few proverbs that have a positive approach to women's gender, the prevailing mentality among Arab people expresses false sexual beliefs about women. This part of Arabic folklore literature is gendered and most of the proverbs that are related to women It is showing humiliation, gender discrimination and underestimating women. In this view, lack of intelligence, passivity, stooping, weakness, and unfaithfulness are the main characteristics of women, and in contrast, qualities such as strength, secrecy, courage, wisdom, and combativeness are the indicators of men, and women do not benefit from them. In addition, few proverbs have placed women in a positive position. The spirit of neighborliness, attention to the son, hospitality and so on. . . Another approach to the family system is in Arabic proverbs. Keywords: family, folklore, Arabic proverb..
-
Structural and Content Characteristics of the Mamluk Rea of Poetry and Poetry
Kolsoum Bazvand 2022 -
Comparative study of social and moral themes in Aesha Timur and Parvin Etesami
Lila Kosari 2022«عائشه تيمور» و «پروين اعتصامي»، از جمله شاعران معاصر ادبيات عربي و فارسي هستندكه اشعار آنها بازتابي از آرمانهاي فردي و اجتماعي است و شعر اجتماعي اين دو بيشتر بر تشريح اوضاع و احوال محيطي، فرهنگي و اجتماعي مبتني است. يافته هاي اصلي اين پژوهش حاكي از اين است كه تجربه شعري،آشنايي با حكمت و مضامين اخلاقي و بهره گيري از آموزه هاي ديني در شعر اين دو شاعر بسيار گسترده است و اين را ميتوان نقطه ي اشتراك شعر اين دو شاعر به شمار آورد. عائشه و پروين مسائل اجتماعي و فرهنگي عصر خويش را با دقت و ظرافت خاصي در شعرشان منعكس كردهاند اما نوع نگرش اين دو شاعر به مسائل اجتماعي داراي تفاوتهايي عميق است. پروين نسبت به شاعر مشهور مصري از فضاي اجتماعي و فرهنگي عصرش براي بيان مقاصد تعليمي بيشتر متأثر بوده است. استفاده از مضامين عميق اجتماعي –سياسي در شعر عائشه تيمور نسبت به پروين اعتصامي كم رنگتر جلوه مي كند و اين شاعر مصري براي انعكاس اين مسائل از شيوه هاي خاصي بهره مي گيرد كه با شيوه هاي بيان پروين متفاوت است .پروين به طور مستقيم و روشن مفاهيم و مشكلات اجتماعي را نقل ميكند اما عائشه به صورت مبهم و سربسته سخن ميگويد. در اين نوشتار اعتقاد بر اين است كه اگرچه در برخي موارد، ميان شعر «عائشه» و «پروين» تشابهاتي وجود دارد، اما اين تشابهات از باب تجربه ي شعري و توارد خاطر بوده و ريشه ي برخي از اين مضامين اخلاقي و اجتماعي، در فرهنگ و جامعه ي اسلامي نيز وجود دارد. مضامين اجتماعي كه هريك از آنها در شعرشان منعكس كرده اند نتيجه ي محيط و شرايط خاصي بوده كه اين دو شاعر در آن مي زيسته اند. اين پژوهش بر آن است تا بر اساس چار چوب هاي ادبيات تطبيقي مكتب آمريكايي مضامين اجتماعي و اخلاقي برجسته را در اشعار اين دو شاعر بيان كند و به بررسي و تحليل جنبه هاي مشترك و متفاوت اين مضامين در شعر «عائشه تيمور» و «پروين اعتصامي» بپردازد تا مخاطبان از ويژگي هاي مضامين اجتماعي و اخلاقي شعر اين دو شاعر شناخت كافي پيدا كنند و زمينهاي براي دانشجويان جهت پرداختن به موضوعات جديد در حيطهي ادبيات تطبيقي ايجاد كند. واژگان كليدي: ادبيّات تطبيقي، شعر معاصر، مضامين اخلاقي و اجتماعي، عائشه تيمور، پروين اعتصامي.
-
Analysis of the Gharacter Element in the Novel Tafah Al-Majanin
MOHAMAD NORI 2022يكي از انواع ادبي داستان است و از مؤلفههاي اثرگذار داستان شخصيت و شخصيتپردازي ميباشد، اينكه يك نويسنده پرداخت بهتري از شخصيتها داشته باشد توانايي او را بهتر و نيكوتر ميسازد، «يحيي يخلف» (1944 م) از جمله نويسندگان برجستهاي است كه با خلق آثارش در شمار بزرگان داستان نويسي معاصر فلسطين قرار گرفته است. داستان «تفاح المجانين» يكي از آثار ارزشمند اين نويسنده است كه با شيوههاي نگارش و بيان ممتازش به بيان مسائل و مشكلات جامعه ميپردازد، جامعهاي كه تحت سيطرة بيگانگان است، نويسنده اين رمان پس از معرفي شخصيتهاي داستان به طور جداگانه، در طول همين معرفي ذهن خواننده را با فضا و شرايط داستان آشنا ميكند و در طول همين معرفيها به بيان داستانهاي مربوط به زندگي هر كدام از اين شخصيتها و حوادثي كه مربوط به آنها بوده و هست ميپردازد، تمام كتاب گويي معرفي شخصيتها ميباشد اما اين معرفي شدنها خود كتاب و داستان مربوطه را شكل ميدهد اين معرفي شدن در سه فصل با عناوين «النقطة الرابعه»، «تفاح المجانين» و «عودة الخال» شكل گرفته است، تمام شخصيتهاي اصلي اين مجموعه از نظر فعل و انفعالات ايستا نيستند و از آنجا كه حوادث و رويدادها بر روي اين اشخاص مطرح ميشوند و همينها هستند كه تحول و دگرگوني را در داستان ايجاد كردهاند جزء شخصيتهاي پويا محسوب ميشوند، اما شيوة شخصيت پردازي در داستان گاه مستقيم است و گاه غير مستقيم، نيز تأثير افكار نويسنده بر روي شخصيتهاي داستان مشهود است. از طرفي وفور شخصيتها و صحنهها و به تصوير كشيدن آنچه مورد نظر نويسنده است؛ از جمله جامعه، زندگي مردم فقير، مستعمره بودن، حكومت بيگانگان، و مشكلاتي كه اين طبقه در زندگي خود متحمل مي شدند نويسنده را بر آن داشته تا نقش يك (راوي- مفسّر) را ايفا كند و درنهايت توانسته است اين مهم را با موفقيت به انجام برساند.
-
((Pathology of literary interpretations of the Holy Quran from the perspective of the meanings of the letter jrr (min) (to) (fi)))
Mohamadali Motaee 2022فهم و درك معناي قرآن كريم به عنوان كتابي براي هدايت بشريت، انگيزهاي است كه تشنگان درك اين كلام آسماني را به تحقيق و انديشه وا ميدارد. از همان ابتداي نزول كلام الهي، پيامبر گرامي اسلام به تبيين و تفسير آن پرداختند و مسلمانان نيز گرداگرد پيامبر، به فراگيري و نشر اين معارف اهتمام ورزيدند. اين تحقيق و پژوهش، در هيچ زماني متوقف نشده و تا قرن حاضر نيز پيوسته ادامه داشته كه حاصل آن، پيدايش و تدوين آثار فاخر علمي در زمين? تفسير اين پيام الهي شده است . اين تحقيق به روش تحليلي_توصيفي با تكيه بر مجموعهاي از تفاسير ادبي قرآن و بر محور معانيِ سه حرف از حروف جاره، به نگارش درآمده است . هدف از اين پژوهش، شناخت شيو? تعامل مفسرين قرآن كريم با معاني حروف جاره و بررسي ميزان موفقيت آنها در بيان آن معاني است؛ چراكه كشف معاني دقيق و مناسب حروف جاره در مواضع مختلف آيات قرآن كريم، علاوه بر ارائ? معني دقيق و درك صحيح آيات قرآن، به كشف زيباشناختي آيات قرآن كريم نيز بسيار كمك ميكند. در اين پژوهش، با تحليل و بررسي نمونههاي متعددي از سه حروف مذكور در آيات قرآن كريم، به آسيبشناسي معاني آن در آثار مفسراني نظير زمخشري، بيضاوي، ابوحيّان، آلوسي، طبرسي، فخررازي و... پرداخته شده است . پس از بررسيهاي انجامگرفته، دريافت گرديد كه اين مفسرين، در پارهاي از موارد، داراي موضعگيريهاي مشابهي بودند و گاهاً مسائل را به ديگري ارجاع ميداد والبته در مواردي نيز به دو و يا چتد دسته تقسيم ميشدند. همچنين دريافت گرديد كه برخي از اين تفسيرها، در برخي آيات از روي موضوع گذشته و لطافت موجود در استعمال حرف جر در آن موضع را بيان نكردهاند حال آنكه برخي ديگر به كاوش دقيق آن پرداختند. نكت? پاياني و مهم يافتههاي اين تحقيق، وجود نمونههايي بود كه عليرغم اهتمام و ارزشي كه در رساندن معني داشتند، در هيچكدام از آن تفاسير به آنها پرداخته نشده بود و اين خود، مدخلي است بر اينكه تفسير قرآن كريم، همچنان در راه كمال و محل تحقيق و تفحّص آيندگان است.
-
Analysis of Social Issues in Two Collection of Stories: The Smell of Bread and Shout
Parvin Almasi 2022هدف: جامعهشناسي ادبيّات شاخهاي نو از مطالعاتِ ميانرشتهاي است كه در آن به بررسي پيوندِ جامعه با ادبيات ميپردازند. ما در اين پژوهش در پي دستيابي به اين هدف هستيم كه تاريخِ نانوشت? مردمِ كرمانشاه را از خِلالِ داستانهاي جعفر كازروني در چند ده? گذشته بررسي كنيم و از اين راه تصويري عيني از مسائل اجتماعي اين شهر به دست دهيم. روششناسي پژوهش: بررسي لايههاي پنهان يا مغفول يك جامعه با كمكِ متون ادبي روشي است كه امروزه در مطالعات جامعهشناختي جايگاه ويژهاي دارد. بر همين اساس، ما نيز در اين پژوهش، نخست، آثار جعفر كازروني را بررسي كرديم و از بين اين آثار متنوع و فراوانِ او دو مجموع? «بوي نان» و «هوار» را برگزيديم كه بيشترين پيوند را با تود? مردم داشت و در واقع ميتوان آنها را روايتِ زندگي تود? مردم كرمانشاه در دهههاي گذشته دانست. سپس با مطالعه و فيشبرداري از اين دو اثر ارجاعاتِ اين دو مجموعه را به مسائل اجتماعي گردآوري كرديم و آنها را در دستههايي چند قرار داديم تا به جامعهشناسي از راهِ ادبيّات بپردازيم. يافتهها: آسيبهاي اجتماعي گوناگوني مانند كودكانِ كار، سرقت، بزهكاري نوجوانان، زنان بيسرپرست، ترك تحصيل در سنينِ پايين، بيكاري، كودكانِ تكوالد، مهاجرت روستانشينانِ فقير به شهر، حاشيهنشيني و زاغهنشيني از جمل? مهمترين مسائلي هستند كه در دو اثر مورد بررسي ما بازتاب يافته است و بررسي و تحليل آنها دركي عميقتر و عيني از مسائل اجتماعي كرمانشاه در دهههاي گذشته به دست ميدهد. نتيجهگيري: جعفر كازروني نويسندهاي رئاليست است كه از كنارِ مسائل اجتماعي بياعتنا نگذشته است و آنها را در آثار خود بازتاب داده است. از همينروي، آثار اين نويسنده به مثاب? آينهاي است كه ميتوان تاريخ تود? مردم را در آن ديد و با شناختِ كاستيهاي اجتماعي در پي درمانِ مسائلِ اجتماعي برآمد. همچنين بر اساسِ اين پژوهش ميتوان فهميد در شهر كرمانشاه از بينِ مسائلِ مختلفِ اجتماعي آنچه بيش از ديگر امور به مردم اين شهر آسيب زده است، فقر و مسائل مرتبط با آن است. كليدواژهها: جامعهشناسي، اجتماعيات، داستانِ فارسي، جعفر كازروني، بوي نان، هوار.
-
Translation of the book ((A child in the village)), Mr.Qutb
Hosna Gheybi 2022 -
Translation of the novel "The Land of Alamut" by Medhat al-Matr
Hadis Ghanbari 2022امروزه ادبيات علمي - تخيلي از مباحث نوين در ادبيات جهان است كه با گسترش مرز فناوريها و علوم جديد، ميل نويسندگان عرب نيز به نوشتن داستان هاي علمي - تخيلي بيشتر شده است. «مدحت مطر» از جمله كساني است كه در اين نوع داستان ها هنرنمايي كرده است. از اهداف اصلي اين پژوهش ارائه ترجمه روان از كتاب «أرض الموت» براي دوستداران علم و ادب است. ترجمه رمان نشان از اين دارد كه نويسنده در اين رمان از موجوداتي سخن مي گويد كه زمين را به تصرف خود در آورده اند و توانستند مجموعه بزرگي از انسانها را به اسارت خود در آورده و از اعضاي بدن آنها استفاده ميكنند، تا به نحوه صحيحي رشد كنند، در واقع براي رسيدن به اين امر از سلولهاي بشري بهره ميگيرند تا از طريق تكثير آن سلولها و سلولهاي خود به موجودات قدرتمندتري دست يابند نويسنده در اين رمان در صدد است، تا يك تصوير ذهني از حوادث را به شيوهاي واقع گرايانه ترسيم كند نه براي ترساندن خواننده بلكه براي اينكه فضا و زمينهاي مناسب را فراهم كند تا معناي ترس حقيقي كه در درون همه ما وجود دارد، شرح دهد، از اهداف نويسنده اين است كه خواننده را آگاه سازد كه كابوس ها و روياهاي نارحت كننده همان اموري هستند كه باعث وحشت حقيقي آنها ميشوند و نه چيز ديگر. اين رمان از واقعيتهاي بسيار دردناك سخن ميگويد و با داستانهاي خيالي از جمله اسطورهها و حكايتهاي قديمي كه شيوع يافته و تبديل به داستانهاي حقيقي در روزگار ما شده، همراه است. كليدواژهها: ادبيات داستاني، داستانهاي علمي- تخيلي،مدحت مطر، ارض الموت، موجودات بيگانه
-
A translation of “Comparative Literature between Tradition and Modernism” authored by Dr. Saber Abdel Dayem(pp.106-226)
Hossein Kohansal 2022 -
A translation of “Comparative Literature between Tradition and Modernism” authored by Dr. Saber Abdel Dayem(pp.1-105)
Yousef Soleymani 2022 -
A review of poetic prose in the novel "Zakirat al-Jasd" and "Yek Ashghaneh Aram"
Maryam Akbari 2022Poetry and prose are two literary genres, each of which has its own function. Prose expresses news with a logical approach and reports and poetry express emotion, feeling and imagination. But in some cases, the prose leaves the atmosphere of the news and wears the cloak of poetic crafts and affects the feeling and emotion of the reader. This prose is called poetic prose. The novel Zakira al-Jasd by Ahlam Mustaghanmi and the novel A Yek Ashghaneh Aram by Nader Ebrahimi are two works that are believed to be; Their prose has a poetic color and smell. The present study, with a descriptive-analytical method and based on the American school of comparative literature, the scope of which is not limited to influence, has examined these two novels from the perspective of poetic prose components. Findings show that inner music (repetition, phonation, reflection of additions and frequent inflections), metaphor, simile, vocabulary, current contradiction, sensuality, symbolic and poetic descriptions are the most prominent manifestations of poetic prose that are rare in the prose of Ahram Mastaghani. has been used. With the difference that the use of Meccan metaphors in Mustaghanami prose is more significant.
-
Examining the image of women in the stories of Ebrahim Younesi
Amrolah Korani 2022 -
The description of structures in badi-al-zaman hamadanies maqamat and the analysis of its literary images.
Hamid Sadeghi 2022 -
resolution of semantics four word Quran ghafara kafara (kaffara) zanb and sayyea
Saman Abedi kalesar 2022 -
Public News and Thoughts: The Impact of Rasanah Ha Bar Zandgui Madani
Mohamad Azizi 2022 -
Description and Analysis of Loanwords in Nahj al-Balaghah
Hadis Ghobadi 2022چكيده مقدّمه و هدف: در زبانهاي مختلف دنيا، واژگاني وجود دارد كه از ديگر زبانها اخذ شده است. اين واژگان پس از ورود به زبان وامگيرنده دچار تغيير و تحولاتي ميشود. دانشمندان علم لغتشناسي نيز با بررسيهاي مكرر دربارهي ريشهي اصلي واژگان در زبانهاي گوناگون، بدين وامگيريها و تحولات واژگاني پي ميبرند. در اين پاياننامه به دنبال يافتن واژگاني هستيم كه از زبانهاي ديگر وارد زبان عربي شده و در متن كتاب نهجالبلاغه راه يافته است. روش پژوهش: در اين تحقيق از روش مطالعهي كتابخانهاي و مراجعه به منابع مكتوب- كتب لغت، معرّبات و شرحهاي نهجالبلاغه- استفاده كرديم و با سبك توصيفي-تحليلي به بيان واژگاني كه از زبانهاي ديگر در كلام حضرت امير (ع) راه يافته است، روي آورديم و سپس با ذكر آراء لغتشناسان غربي و شرقي، به نقد واژههاي نوشتهشده پرداختيم. يافتههاي پژوهش: در طي انجام اين پژوهش بدين مهم دست يافتيم كه بيش از صدوسي واژه در متن كتاب نهجالبلاغه وجود دارد كه از زبانهاي ديگر وامگرفته شده است و پس از تغييراتي كه در زبان عربي يافته، وارد متن نهج البلاغه شده است. برخي از اين تغييرات چندان اندك است كه واژه با اصل خود تفاوت بسيار كمي دارد و در مقابل نيز برخي از واژگان در طول زمان دچار تغيير بسياري شده است كه جز با مراجعه به كتب ريشهشناسي واژگان نميتوان به ريشهي واژههاي مورد بررسي پيبرد. نتايج پژوهش: با انجام اين تحقيق توانستيم بدين نتيجه دست يابيم كه واژگان وامگرفته شده در كتاب نهجالبلاغه، داراي ريشههايي در ميان بيش از ده زبان كهن است كه از ميان اين مقدار، بيشترين وامگيريها متعلّق به زبانهاي عبري، آرامي، فنيقي و سرياني است و پس از آنها زبان فارسي و حبشي داراي بيشترين مقدار وامدهي به زبان عربي است؛ همچنين بدين امر دست يافتيم كه در ميان برخي از لغتشناسان دربارهي شناخت ريشهي واژگان معرّب اختلافاتي ديده ميشود كه گاه به ردّ كلام افراد پيش از خود نيز پرداختهاند. واژگان كليدي: نهجالبلاغه، واژهشناسي، فهم متن، فقهاللغه، واژه هاي معرّب چكيده مقدّمه و هدف: در زبانهاي مختلف دنيا، واژگاني وجود دارد كه از ديگر زبانها اخذ شده است. اين واژگان پس از ورود به زبان وامگيرنده دچار تغيير و تحولاتي ميشود. دانشمندان علم لغتشناسي نيز با بررسيهاي مكرر دربارهي ريشهي اصلي واژگان در زبانهاي گوناگون، بدين وامگيريها و تحولات واژگاني پي ميبرند. در اين پاياننامه به دنبال يافتن واژگاني هستيم كه از زبانهاي ديگر وارد زبان عربي شده و در متن كتاب نهجالبلاغه راه يافته است. روش پژوهش: در اين تحقيق از روش مطالعهي كتابخانهاي و مراجعه به منابع مكتوب- كتب لغت، معرّبات و شرحهاي نهجالبلاغه- استفاده كرديم و با سبك توصيفي-تحليلي به بيان واژگاني كه از زبانهاي ديگر در كلام حضرت امير (ع) راه يافته است، روي آورديم و سپس با ذكر آراء لغتشناسان غربي و شرقي، به نقد واژههاي نوشتهشده پرداختيم. يافتههاي پژوهش: در طي انجام اين پژوهش بدين مهم دست يافتيم كه بيش از صدوسي واژه در متن كتاب نهجالبلاغه وجود دارد كه از زبانهاي ديگر وامگرفته شده است و پس از تغييراتي كه در زبان عربي يافته، وارد متن نهج البلاغه شده است. برخي از اين تغييرات چندان اندك است كه واژه با اصل خود تفاوت بسيار كمي دارد و در مقابل نيز برخي از واژگان در طول زمان دچار تغيير بسياري شده است كه جز با مراجعه به كتب ريشهشناسي واژگان نميتوان به ريشهي واژههاي مورد بررسي پيبرد. نتايج پژوهش: با انجام اين تحقيق توانستيم بدين نتيجه دست يابيم كه واژگان وامگرفته شده در كتاب نهجالبلاغه، داراي ريشههايي در ميان بيش از ده زبان كهن است كه از ميان اين مقدار، بيشترين وامگيريها متعلّق به زبانهاي عبري، آرامي، فنيقي و سرياني است و پس از آنها زبان فارسي و حبشي داراي بيشترين مقدار وامدهي به زبان عربي است؛ همچنين بدين امر دست يافتيم كه در ميان برخي از لغتشناسان دربارهي شناخت ريشهي واژگان معرّب اختلافاتي ديده ميشود كه گاه به ردّ كلام افراد پيش از خود نيز پرداختهاند. واژگان كليدي: نهجالبلاغه، واژهشناسي، فهم متن، فقهاللغه، واژه هاي معرّب
-
A study of characterization in the novel the mysteries of kunsherto holocaust and the nakbat
Afagh Kianmehr 2022Abstract Rabi al-Madhoon is one of the most prominent Palestinian writers of the present age who has a wide variety of fictional subjects. His novel "destinis Kunshorto Al-Holocaust and Al-Nakba" is one of the most prominent Arabic novels in recent years. Al-Mahdoon in his novel "The destinis of the Holocaust and the Nakba", which won the Booker Prize in 2016 talks about the suffering and migration of Palestinians after the formation of Israel, who have left their homeland due to the importance of existing problems and phenomena. In society, he has described and analyzed these issues throughout his story. Among the features of the novel is the author's good attention to characterization; Concerto of the Holocaust and Al-Nakba Concerto in two areas:Is processing; The novel "Paths" has examined the concert of Holocaust and Al-Nakba in two constructions of various characterization methods and characters, and one of the most important results of this research is that the characters of the novel Paths have experienced a kind of crisis and duality of identity and incompatibility with the environment. The protagonist of the novel destinis (Walid Ahmad al-Dahman) is a Palestinian-British journalist who dreams of coexisting with the abandonment of war and extremism by Jews and Palestinians. Palestinians who have returned to their homeland, which is now replaced by other peoples. The catastrophic events of the defeat (Al-Nakba) have affected all generations of Palestinians and even those who were later born in other lands, and most of them have experienced identity crises. Keywords: Arabic Novel, The Concerts of the Holocaust and the AI Nakba، Rabi AImadhoun.
-
The perspective of her goals in using Quranic verses
Mokhtar Shamshiri 2022رويكرد بينامتني با اثبات مقول? تعامل هميشگي متون با يكديگر، سهم بسزايي از پژوهشهاي ادبي دهههاي اخير را به خود اختصاص داد. چنين رويكردي به ما نشان داد كه يافتن روابط بين متون، به فهم بهتر و جديدتري از متنون كمك ميكند. تناص، شيوهاي نوين از برخي گونههاي ادبي قديم؛ همانند تضمين و اقتباس بوده و داراي شيوههاي گوناگوني است. اين تحقيق به روش تحليلي_توصيفي با تكيه بر آيات قرآني در مورد تناص قرآني موجود در اشعار فدويطوقان، بانوي شاعر فلسطين، صورت گرفته است. هدف از اين پژوهش، شناخت چگونگي تاثير تناص قرآن كريم بر معاني و محتواي اشعار فدوي طوقان است. فدوي در اشعار خود، نگاه قابل ملاحظهاي به آيات قرآن كريم دارد. وي در اشعار خود به صورتهاي متنوعي از مفاهيم، داستانها و الفاظ قرآن كريم جهت بيان اهداف شعري خود استفاده ميكند. در اين پژوهش، با تحليل و بررسي معاني اشعار فدوي طوقان (متن حاضر) و قرآن كريم (متن غايب) دريافت شد كه تعامل بينامتنيت در اشعار فدوي طوقان با آيات قرآن كريم، در بسياري از موارد، آگاهانه و بيشتر به صورت نفي متوازي است و نمونههايي از تناص اجترار نيز در آن ديده ميشود. همچنين دريافت گرديد كه اسلوب فدوي در مورد استخدام تناص قرآني، اسلوب غيرمستقيم (داخلي) است و تناص قرآني مستقيم (مباشر) در ديوانش بسيار كم است و ايشان در رابطه با تناص قرآني در اشعار خود، در هر بخش از ديوانش، انگيز? متفاوتي دارد. كليدواژه: قرآن كريم، تناص، فدويطوقان، بينامتنيت.
-
A Translate of "Profit from Jurisprudencial and Econimic Perspectives" by Muhammad Omar Al-Haji
Mojtaba Khadem amiri 2022 -
Translating the effect of the external context in directing the syntactic significance of the interpreters of the noble Qur’an neveshte by Dr. Muhammad al-Jasim
Emad Ranjbar 2022 -
A Translation of “ Secret of Muqatta’at letters in the Holy Quran”
Morteza Badri 2021 -
Study and analysis of social themes in the poems of Tawfiq Ziad and Aref Qazvini
Yahya Mahmoudi 2021Literary works, like a mirror, in addition to reflecting the thoughts and ideas of its creators, also reflect the course of political and social developments, and this shows that the interplay between literature and society is inevitable. Other arts are always seen. Contemporary Persian and Arabic poetry is also closely related to political and social developments. Aref Qazvini and Tawfiq Amin Ziad are two prominent poets of the contemporary era who have looked at the developments around them with a look at commitment and social influences. Therefore, the present study, with a descriptive and analytical approach and relying on the poems of the two mentioned poets, intends to study and analyze the social and political layers in their poems. The result of the research indicates that Aref Qazvini's poetry has a more social aspect than Tawfiq Amin Ziad. Tasnif has lessened the bitterness of these pains. Of course, he was not unaware of the political developments and his attachment to the constitutional developments is clear in his poems. Tawfiq Amin Ziad's poetry is mostly influenced by the occupation of the Zionist regime, and along with solidarity with the displaced people of Palestine, it refers to these developments. Aref Qazvini and Tawfiq Amin Ziad are protesting poets. Sometimes Aref Qazvini's protests become sharp and biting and often involve social and political elements.
-
ترجمه و تحقيق كتاب «دراسات في النفس الإنسانية» ( 190 الي الآخر)
Zohreh Heydari 2021 -
Translation and analysis of the book: (The rhetorical miracle in the holy quran) by: Muhammad hosain salamat.
Somayeh Rizvandi 2021 -
The Structural and Content Analysis of the Administrative in the Mamlooki Era
Samira Rafiee 2021 -
Arabic translation of good stories for good children (Volume 2)
2021Defending the dissertation on the subject of Arabic translation, the book Good children for good Volume (2) Marzbannameh written by Mehdi Azari Yazdi
-
An Analysis of Evident and Hidden Seven Labors in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh
Poorya Shahmohammadi 2021 -
A Translation and Research on "Al usuliat bayn Algharb Waliislam" by Mohammad Amareh
Fatemeh Morady 2021 -
A Comparative Study of lmagery in Sustainability Poetry by Hossein Esrafili and Abdul Rahim Mahmood
Samira Asmar 2021 -
Translation of the book "Hadis olmazelat shobohat wa rodod"
Fariba Hajeolyani 2021 -
A study of Gothic themes and their impact on two Novels sane olzalam and negahban.
Saeedeh Vahabi 2021 -
Reflection of the constituent elements of folklore in the stories of Ibrahim Younesi
Omid Yosefpour 2021 -
A conversation with my atheist friend
Edris Mohammadi 2021 -
Translaition and reserch of the book Aslemant Al ma arefa (Humanities and its methods from an Islamc point of view)(page 3 to 135)
Fahimeh Mammoosa 2021 -
A Description of Grammatical Structure of Amir Arsalan,s Namdar
Maryam Lak 2021 -
Translation of the book Al-radd ala alamotasseb elanid almane men zamm yazid
Samira Haghi goldasteh 2021 -
Translationand Reaserch of the book” Aslemat manahij al- ulum al- madrasiah: Tasawwur muqtarah by Hamdi abo al- fotouh atifah.
Soria Khosravi 2021 -
Reflection of folklore in Shirko Bikas's poetry) Case Study;Goorestany Cherkan, Darbandy Pahpulah and Paeeza mivan)
Halsho Moha 2021 -
A Translation of "Research Methods and Art of Dialogue". Written by Faraj Allah Abdulbari.
MEYSAM ZANGENE 2021 -
The Study of Resistance Components in Saif Afriqi by Mohammad Dib
Hadis Yazdanbakhsh 2021 -
Translation of the book "Almojam Aladabi" Pages (240-123) Compilation of Nawaf Nasr
Yasra Mehrpor 2021 -
Translated by the book ، aspects of the renewal in the poetry of the constitutions period in Iraq and Iran in form and significance
Ali Kazemi 2021 -
Translation and Analysis of» The sweetness of literary texts«
Avaz Hosaini 2020 -
Translation and analysis of bookEL Dirasat Fi El Nafs El Insaania (190)
Zahra Vaisani 2020 -
Translation and research of the book Aslemat Al Maaref (Humanities and its methods from an islamic point of wieo) (from pages 136 to 268)
Zhila Karami 2020 -
the comparative study on themes between post of amal donghol and farrokhi yazdi
Nasrin Haghighi 2020 -
The Translation of The Book: Adaptive Literature Difficulties Horizons by:Abdeh Abbood.
Mona Sorkheh 2020 -
The Translation of The Book : Adaptive Literature Difficulties Horizons by: Abdeh Abbood.
Mohsen Amiri 2020 -
Analytical history of literature of kermanshah based on afsharyeh and zandyeh period
Bahram Arfaei 2020 -
The Comparative study of Fadavi Touqan and Fatemeh Rakeie’s Sonnets.
Mahin Shifteh 2020 -
Studying the Exotic words in the 21th to 25th parts of the Holy Quran Based on Ibn Sallam and Ibn Hasnoon Books.
Fatemeh Sohrabi 2020 -
Translated Leave comments in the Quran by Dr. Saleh ibn Hossein al-eidi
HASIBEH VAKILI 2020 -
Translation of the Material Reason Approving the Existence of Allah by Mohammad Motevalli Al- Sharaawe.
Ali Hatemian keramabadi 2020 -
Translation "Al-SisaQa al-Islamiyah Li EALM ALijtema’ al-Dawaei and Al-Imakan" by Mansour zoveid Al mutayri.
Aazam Bayat 2020 -
The interpretation of difficult terms in the 16th to 20th parts of the Holy Quran.
Marzih Akbari 2020 -
A Comparative Study of Themes in Praise of Imam Ali in Persian and Arabic Poetry in the 11th Century
Foroozan Khani 2020 -
The Translation of The Quranic Expression interpretation and its Psychological Significance by Abdollah Mohammad ALjioci
Asma Khoshnavaz 2020 -
the analysis of the point of simslarity in understanding sections 10-20 of the quran
Sama alsadat Roshan 2020 -
Position Analysis of point of similarity in understanding of Quranic Verses in the eyes of leading commentators (Rhetoric)
Golbagh Solimani 2020 -
The Study of the Components of Native Culture in LariKermanshahi's Works.
Mahnoosh Sepehri 2020 -
Translated and analysis of "New Psychology of the Qur'an"
Aziz Ghadery 2020 -
Womens liberation between the west and islam Author: Mohammad Amareh
Neda Alkathir 2020 -
The Translation of the"Quran is living being" by mostafa mahmoud
Mazhar Hassani 2020 -
Analyzing and reviewing the critical views of Yousef Hussein Bakar
Zahra Bavand Poori 2020 -
The Analysis of the Application of proverb in Abdol-vahab-Al-Bayati”s Poetry.
Zahra Bagherabadi 2020 -
The Translation of The book of Ad- durar-us-saniyyah collection of ahmed ben dahlan
Saman Safari 2020 -
The Content and Structure Analysis Of Prophetic Transmissions In Ibn janan Al andolosi Poetry.
Raziye Kord 2019 -
studying the metaphorical meanings of imprative sentences in AL - Hyah (vol.1)
Yadollah Rostami 2019 -
the translation and research of abd al hslamics book between the theory and the adaptation of the 95 page of the biik
Mehrdad Davdi 2019 -
Content Analysis of poems Sostenibilidad Farooq shoosheh
Fatemah Darestani 2019 -
Translation and Study of the "Sowar min Samahet_al_Eslam" (Aspects of Tolerance in Islam) by Abdolaziz Abdulrahman Al Rabia
Majid Fatehi 2019 -
A comparative study of social themes in the poems of Moin Bassoo and Malek al-Shaara BaharThesis Title:
Zohair Mohammadipour 2019 -
A comparative Study of the Intelligence of the Universe from the Point of View of Rumi and Ibn Arabi
Rasul Dehdar 2019 -
The Comparative Study of Mystical Thoughts of molana and ghonavi on the Perfect Man Relying on masnavi and fokok
Maryam Hosseini zargooshe 2019 -
astudyif three elemets of chidren popular literature and birds in the works of nizar qabbani and simimin behbahani
Elham Rezaei 2019 -
The Poly-semantic Terms in the Surah El-Motaffifeen with Regard to the Views of Etymologists and Exegetists
Maryam Mohammadyari 2019 -
0 The comparative study of Alsoman va al kharif novels by Najib mahfouz and Dr noun who love his waif more than mossadegh nouel by sharam rahimian.
Bahman Mohammadi 2019 -
The Translation of The Quranic Expression interpretation and its Psychological Significance by Abdollah Mohammad ALjioci
Vali Ramazani 2019 -
Stylistic study in the poetry of Hussein Al – Qasid (Diwan "Toffaha fi yady al-salesah" model)
DHAHIR MOHAMMED MURAD 2019 -
A Comparative study on the Errantry motives in Samak Ayyar and Robin Hood novels
Mitra Hassanabadi 2019 -
The comparative assassment of Alavi eulogy consepts in Persian and Arabian Poets ( Case study: permanent poets from five and six century ).
Aliasgar Khodadadi 2019 -
The Translation and Research of The Book:Art of Story Telling in The Holy Quran by: Mohammad Ahmad Khalafollah
Nagin Mansournia 2019 -
The analysis of narrative semiotics of ten novels by Paulo Coelho based on Gerard Genette's theory
Mojtaba Amirzadeh fard 2019 -
Social Image in (Mehman mahtab) and (Aaras Ameneh) in contrast.
Setare Hasany 2019 -
The Translation and Research of The Book:Art of Story Telling in The Holy Quran by: Mohammad Ahmad Khalafollah
Kobra Rahmati 2019 -
The Arabian Nights Legend According To Alfusul Magazine Number Two.
KHATEREH ALIPOUR 2019 -
The aesthetics of the illustrator elements in the poems of Nizar Qobbani and Simin Behbahani (the description of the beloved)
2019 -
A comparative study on the mystical subjects in the poems of Hafez and the first part of Telmesani poems
Zahra Pornasiri 2019 -
The comparative study of the elements of the story in »al-'Alam naqisan wahid «of maysalun hadi and »Qanimat« of sadeq karamyar
Taherh Fallahi 2019 -
A study of Social Issues in Writings of Fariba Vafi
Saba Baba Moradi Keneshti 2018 -
Analyzing Persian Moarrab Terminology In Al-kafi And Man La-Yahduruhu Al-Faqih
Hadis Montzeryani 2018 -
Comparative Study of the Impact of Crusade Wars on the Arabic and Persian’s poetry (5th – 8thcentryury)
Katayoon Asadi tabar 2018 -
Analysis of interdisciplinary studies in Iranian literature and movies based on verbal and nonverbal communication(Case study: Films of witch, Groove 143 and cow)
Rasul Ramezani 2018 -
Structure and Content Analysis of Ashoura Poetry (Studying Sixth Volume of Adab Altaf)
Fatemeh Boenini 2018 -
Reflecting Unjust and Ignorant Human in Mersad-al- Ebad, Masnavi-e- Manavi and Golshan-e-Raz
Zahra Rostmi 2018 -
structure and content analysis of Ashoura poetry (studying 7th volume of Adab Altaf: late 13th century).
Vahedeh Beit naser 2018 -
Criticizing and Analyzing on the Book »Imam Hussien "PBUH" in Christian Poetry« Compiled by Saeid Rashid Zomaizom.
Gabar Azarbar 2018 -
A comparative study of the prophetic prayers in the poetry of Ali Ahmed Baksir and Ali ibn Khalaf Alhoveizi
Khadijeh Alboghobeysh 2018 -
satire in Political and social poetry of Ahmed Al-Waeli
Dareosh Sayadi 2018 -
Translation and Analysis of (Resistance Literature: from optimism to Defeat)
Fatemeh Mohammadi 2018 -
the structural contextual analysis of karbala’s martyrs rajazes in ashura
Fateme Karkhane 2018 -
Criticism of the illuminating Al-Qeraat of the distortion in the Imamate
MOHAMMED JABER ALWAN 2018 -
The Poetry of Zaki al-Mahaseny: Introduction and Content Analysis.
Atefeh Porshams 2018 -
Semantics Gomponents of the word zulm (oppression) in the Quran Based on syntagmatic and paradigmatic Aspects
Qumars Sobhani 2018 -
Conceptual and structural Criticism of Comparative Literature Articles A Case study: Quarterly Journal of Comparative Literature at Razi University.
Behnaz Nazeri 2018 -
Conceptual and structural Criticism of Comparative Literature Papers (Case study: Quarterly Journal of Comparative Literature at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman).
Nasrin Maleki 2018 -
A Study Of Existential Components In Mostafa Mastour’s Works Emphasizing: “ Man Gonjeshk Nistam” And “ Res?le Darb?re- ye- N?der F?r?bi”
Zahra Savaedi 2018 -
Structure And Content Analysis Of Ashoura poetry (Case Study: Fifth Volume Of Adab Altaf)
Fereshte Jamshidi 2018 -
Semiotics Of Resistance Poetry in Ibrahim Nasrallah Poetry
Sara Karami 2018 -
Resistance Concepts and Issues in Shiar-e-143 Payi-Ke jamand
Seyf alah Ahon bar 2017 -
vv vmethods of poetry in -demand mehdi janah ah -kadhmi(reviews the structure and composition)
WISAM ALJAMEN 2017 -
A Study Of Manifestations Of Love In The Poetry Of Soad Alsabah
Moslem Abasi 2017 -
An Analysis of the Views of Arab Literary Historians Regarding the Role of Iranian the Political and Cultural Developments of Abbasids Government.
Farkhonde Mirzaei 2017 -
An Analysis of Elegies on Imam hossein in The Third Book of “Adabottaff”
2017 -
Studying and Comparing Polysemy in Holy Quran Sura 25 and 26
Zahra Rezaei faramani 2017 -
Implications of Poetry of Zia AL-Din Abbas Study and Analysis
ASHRAF MANA FERHOOD 2017 -
A Thematic and Structural Analysis of Husseini Elegies in the Age of Mamalik (A Case of the Fourth Volume of Adab-o-Taf)
Kobra Azizi 2017 -
Interpretation of Strange Words in the First Fifteen Parts of Quran According to Alloghat fi Alquran by Ibn Hasnoon
Tahere sadat Masoumy 2017 -
analysis of story elements of the nabou aah fer oun written by maysalun hadi
Maryam Beiranvand 2017 -
Analyzing the Content and Structure of Complains in the Poetry of Bousiri
Fatemeh Vaysi chameh 2017 -
Descriptive- Analytic Study of Reynold Allen Nicholsons Style of Literature History Writing.
Parisa Amiri 2017 -
poetic irmage in Diwan of.Mustafa Jamal aI-Din (Descriptive study)
QUSAY ZAKI ABDULAMEER 2017 -
The study of Role of myth in tales of Guran Derived from Soorabadi's interpretation
Monir Khodayarimotlagh 2017Myth includes fantasy and legendary stories about the sacred and religious beliefs of the primitive societies. Beliefs about the human relationship with the natural and real world events. Myths exist among the people of each land and nation and their subject are extraordinary events including the deeds of Gods and superhuman forces. The time of mythical is not the historical time but the time of the trans sanctification that is repeated from the beginning to the eternity.The interpretation of myths and the explanation of the function and the use of myths in the study of religious texts is important and necessary. The commentators of the Quran, in the interpretation of the Quranic stories, myths and legends Israeli elements were involved. Book stories drawn from the interpretation of the Surabadi Holy Quran are among those books that many mythologies are reflected from. So identifying and explaining how reflection, transformation and rendition icons myths in the book of Surabadi s Quranic stories determine the dir=ltr>The method of the resaerch according to the content, analysis tool of the library resources of the research and study materials has been taking notes and conclusion sources The results and findings of this study show that among the seven categories of function of mythology in the stories of Surabadis Quran mythology function descriptions, verification and valuation, treatment, recovery, i iration and discover and reveal are seen more than the other cases. Also Surabadi, using mythology and Israeli in the creation of the stories and the stories of the Quran diversity gives charm to persuade the readers to follow the story. Keywords: function of myth, the myth of the role, The interpretation of Surabadi ,Surabadis Quranic stories , the Israelites, myth
-
The Function of Indefinite Article and Its Aesthetic Eloquence in Glorious Quran )fromTwenty-first to Thirtieth Section ) with Emphasis on Two Interpretation from "Kashaf" and "Majma al-bayan "
MARYAM MASUMI 2017 -
A Critical Analysis of Mutanabbi and Saddi’s Book by Hossein Ali Mahfooz
Rozita Mashayekhi Pour 2017 -
The political discourse of Hassn Nasrallah (pragmatic study)
AHMED ATTA SHANTA 2017 -
A Study of the Representation of Society in War Novels (with Emphasis on Three Novel Soraya in Coma ,Burned Earth and Headless Dates)
Zolehka Ahmadpoorberanvand 2016Abstract the literature Traditionally Situation represent the community and social, cultural, political, ... every nation has. And changes of the nation, always reflected in literary works. Hence, To learn about the status of each community In particular periodic, Literary works can be visited on the same period. One of the great transformations of our century Iran, War with Iraq. The impact Affected frequency of the On Community building especially in conflict areas. And eight years Be involved Country Own. So one of the most widespread issues To which it is addressed In the contemporary era, is Sacred Defense literature or war. Since the new generation does not have much Relationship The war and its consequences, On the other hand More tangible the face of society In fiction And prose. in this research We decided by using Library resources And virtual And descriptive analytical method by investigation Three realist novel Of works related to Early years imposed war Each Written With a different point of view To the war, checking face of Conflict society And its consequences And drawing. Novel "The Headless Palm Trees" with draw Consequences and negative aspects of war, overflowing From hope to win and the spirit of martyrdom. In addition face of Conflict-torn city drawing front. Scorched earth novel Written story Neutral from war, Of course Outweigh Misty its negative aspects and despair The positive aspects And author More from the Front Is considered City and ordinary people.too "Soraya in coma" novel it shows the Intellectual community The din of war going to Abroad. And the other drawing Portrait of society is destruction. Actually, Seen Negative view of the author And fully in scenery are described. And writer Has tried By putting together these three novels, Report To the audience A view of the various aspects of the war-torn society. However More than two decades after the end of the War. But dealing with it can In addition to the vigilance, to be followed sufficient readiness To face each plot and tension. Keywords: Sacred Defense literature, society appearance, "The Headless Palm Trees", "Scorched earth", "Soraya in coma"
-
structural and content Analysis poetry of Ahmad sahnun
Elham Kazemi 2016 -
criticism and investigation the content deviation of the poem safi odddeen helly
Tahere Zeinedini 2016 -
An Aesthetic Study of Artistic Illustrations of Beloved's Eyes in Poetry :Hossein Monzavi & Nazar Ghabani.
Seyede sedighe Jalilian 2016 -
بررسي ساختاري و محتوايي مقامات در عصر مملوكي با تكيه بر مقامات قلقشندي.
2015 -
نقد و بررسي ديدگاههاي محمد عبدالسلام كفافي در ادبيات تطبيقي.
2015
